Mahābhārata 3.178.8-15

Devanāgarī

युधिष्ठिर उवाच
कथं स्वर्गे गतिः सर्प कर्मणां च फलं ध्रुवम् ॥
अशरीरस्य दृश्येत विषयांश् च ब्रवीहि मे ॥
सर्प उवाच
तिस्रो वै गतयो राजन् परिदृष्टाः स्वकर्मभिः ॥
मानुष्यं स्वर्गवासश् च तिर्यग्योनिश् च तत् त्रिधा ॥
तत्र वै मानुषाल् लोकाद् दानादिभिर् अतन्द्रितः ॥
अहिंसार्थसमायुक्तैः कारणैः स्वर्गम् अश्नुते ॥
विपरीतैश् च राजेन्द्र कारणैर् मानुषो भवेत् ॥
तिर्यग्योनिस् तथा तात विशेषश् चात्र वक्ष्यते ॥
कामक्रोधसमायुक्तो हिंसालोभसमन्वितः ॥
मनुष्यत्वात् परिभ्रष्टस् तिर्यग्योनौ प्रसूयते ॥
तिर्यग्योन्यां पृथग्भावो मनुष्यत्वे विधीयते ॥
गवादिभ्यस् तथाश्वेभ्यो देवत्वम् अपि दृश्यते ॥
सो ऽयम् एता गतीः सर्वा जन्तुश् चरति कार्यवान् ॥
नित्ये महति चात्मानम् अवस्थापयते नृप ॥
जातो जातश् च बलवान् भुङ्क्ते चात्मा स देहवान् ॥
फलार्थस् तात निष्पृक्तः प्रजालक्षणभावनः ॥

Transliteración (IAST)

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca
kathaṃ svarge gatiḥ sarpa karmaṇāṃ ca phalaṃ dhruvam ||
aśarīrasya dṛśyeta viṣayāṃś ca bravīhi me ||
sarpa uvāca
tisro vai gatayo rājan paridṛṣṭāḥ svakarmabhiḥ ||
mānuṣyaṃ svargavāsaś ca tiryagyoniś ca tat tridhā ||
tatra vai mānuṣāl lokād dānādibhir atandritaḥ ||
ahiṃsārthasamāyuktaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ svargam aśnute ||
viparītaiś ca rājendra kāraṇair mānuṣo bhavet ||
tiryagyonis tathā tāta viśeṣaś cātra vakṣyate ||
kāmakrodhasamāyukto hiṃsālobhasamanvitaḥ ||
manuṣyatvāt paribhraṣṭas tiryagyonau prasūyate ||
tiryagyonyāṃ pṛthagbhāvo manuṣyatve vidhīyate ||
gavādibhyas tathāśvebhyo devatvam api dṛśyate ||
so 'yam etā gatīḥ sarvā jantuś carati kāryavān ||
nitye mahati cātmānam avasthāpayate nṛpa ||
jāto jātaś ca balavān bhuṅkte cātmā sa dehavān ||
phalārthas tāta niṣpṛktaḥ prajālakṣaṇabhāvanaḥ ||

Palabra por palabra

SánscritoIASTSignificado

युधिष्ठिर उवाच कथं स्वर्गे गतिः सर्प कर्मणां च फलं ध्रुवम् ॥ अशरीरस्य दृश्येत विषयांश् च ब्रवीहि मे ॥ सर्प उवाच तिस्रो वै गतयो राजन् परिदृष्टाः स्वकर्मभिः ॥ मानुष्यं स्वर्गवासश् च तिर्यग्योनिश् च तत् त्रिधा ॥ तत्र वै मानुषाल् लोकाद् दानादिभिर् अतन्द्रितः ॥ अहिंसार्थसमायुक्तैः कारणैः स्वर्गम् अश्नुते ॥ विपरीतैश् च राजेन्द्र कारणैर् मानुषो भवेत् ॥ तिर्यग्योनिस् तथा तात विशेषश् चात्र वक्ष्यते ॥ कामक्रोधसमायुक्तो हिंसालोभसमन्वितः ॥ मनुष्यत्वात् परिभ्रष्टस् तिर्यग्योनौ प्रसूयते ॥ तिर्यग्योन्यां पृथग्भावो मनुष्यत्वे विधीयते ॥ गवादिभ्यस् तथाश्वेभ्यो देवत्वम् अपि दृश्यते ॥ सो ऽयम् एता गतीः सर्वा जन्तुश् चरति कार्यवान् ॥ नित्ये महति चात्मानम् अवस्थापयते नृप ॥ जातो जातश् च बलवान् भुङ्क्ते चात्मा स देहवान् ॥ फलार्थस् तात निष्पृक्तः प्रजालक्षणभावनः ॥yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kathaṃ svarge gatiḥ sarpa karmaṇāṃ ca phalaṃ dhruvam || aśarīrasya dṛśyeta viṣayāṃś ca bravīhi me || sarpa uvāca tisro vai gatayo rājan paridṛṣṭāḥ svakarmabhiḥ || mānuṣyaṃ svargavāsaś ca tiryagyoniś ca tat tridhā || tatra vai mānuṣāl lokād dānādibhir atandritaḥ || ahiṃsārthasamāyuktaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ svargam aśnute || viparītaiś ca rājendra kāraṇair mānuṣo bhavet || tiryagyonis tathā tāta viśeṣaś cātra vakṣyate || kāmakrodhasamāyukto hiṃsālobhasamanvitaḥ || manuṣyatvāt paribhraṣṭas tiryagyonau prasūyate || tiryagyonyāṃ pṛthagbhāvo manuṣyatve vidhīyate || gavādibhyas tathāśvebhyo devatvam api dṛśyate || so 'yam etā gatīḥ sarvā jantuś carati kāryavān || nitye mahati cātmānam avasthāpayate nṛpa || jāto jātaś ca balavān bhuṅkte cātmā sa dehavān || phalārthas tāta niṣpṛktaḥ prajālakṣaṇabhāvanaḥ ||Yudhishthira asks how the heavenly goal and the fixed fruit of actions appear for the bodiless self, and what realms exist; the serpent answers that three paths are seen through one's own deeds: human birth, dwelling in heaven, and the womb of an animal; from the human world, through giving and other causes joined with non-violence and benefit, one attains heaven; through opposite causes one becomes human again, and through desire, anger, violence, and greed, having fallen from humanity, one is born in an animal womb; from an animal womb the human state may again arise separately, and from cows and horses even the divine is possible; the being, bound by its deeds, passes through these paths and establishes itself in the eternal, the great, and being born again and again, the strong embodied self experiences its fruit.

Traducción

Yudhishthira said: 'How does the heavenly goal and the fixed fruit of actions appear for the bodiless self? And tell me about the different realms.' The serpent said: 'Three paths, O king, are seen through one's own deeds: human birth, dwelling in heaven, and the womb of an animal. From the human world, through gifts and other causes joined with non-violence and benefit, tirelessly pursued, a man attains heaven. Through opposite causes, O king, he becomes a human again; and through desire, anger, violence, and greed, having fallen from humanity, he is born in an animal womb. From an animal womb, the human state is again separately established; and from cows, horses, and other creatures, even divinity is seen to arise. Thus this being, bound by its deeds, passes through all these paths, O king, and establishes itself in the eternal, the great. Being born again and again, the strong embodied self experiences its fruit, striving after it, bound by the marks of its offspring.'

Comentario

The three paths show the responsibility of action. Birth is neither accidental nor final: the living being moves along the trail of its own desires, violence, giving, and compassion.

Versión

3729b006ffc2 · publicado 16 jul 2026, 17:12:45 UTC

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