SanskritIASTMeaning
जनमेजयः उवाच त्वत्तः देवदानवरक्षसां गन्धर्वाप्सरसां अंशावतरणं सम्यक् श्रुतम्janamejayaḥ uvāca tvattaḥ devadānavarakṣasāṃ gandharvāpsarasāṃ aṃśāvataraṇaṃ samyak śrutamJanamejaya said: from you I have precisely heard the descent of the portions of the gods, danavas, rakshasas, gandharvas, and apsaras
इमं कुरूणां वंशं आदितः भूयः त्वया कथ्यमानं इच्छामिimaṃ kurūṇāṃ vaṃśaṃ āditaḥ bhūyaḥ tvayā kathyamānaṃ icchāmi[now] I wish [to hear] this dynasty of the Kurus from the beginning, as told by you
वैशंपायनः उवाच पौरवाणां वंशकरः दुःषन्तः नाम वीर्यवान् चतुरन्तायाः पृथिव्याः गोप्ताvaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca pauravāṇāṃ vaṃśakaraḥ duḥṣantaḥ nāma vīryavān caturantāyāḥ pṛthivyāḥ goptāVaishampayana said: the founder of the Paurava line — the mighty [king] named Dushyanta, guardian of the earth to her four ends
सः मनुजेश्वरः भुवः कृत्स्नं चतुर्भागं समुद्रावरणान् देशान् च भुङ्क्ते समितिंजयःsaḥ manujeśvaraḥ bhuvaḥ kṛtsnaṃ caturbhāgaṃ samudrāvaraṇān deśān ca bhuṅkte samitiṃjayaḥthat lord of men held all four parts of the earth and the lands girded by the ocean, [he —] victorious in battles
सः रिपुमर्दनः सर्वान् आम्लेच्छाटविकान् रत्नाकरसमुद्रान्तान् चातुर्वर्ण्यजनावृतान् भुङ्क्तेsaḥ ripumardanaḥ sarvān āmlecchāṭavikān ratnākarasamudrāntān cāturvarṇyajanāvṛtān bhuṅktethat destroyer of enemies held all the lands of the mlecchas and forest tribes, [stretching] to the ocean, that treasure-house, peopled by men of the four classes
तस्मिन् राजनि शासति न वर्णसंकरकरः न अकृष्यकरकृत् न कः चित् पापकृत् जनः आसीत्tasmin rājani śāsati na varṇasaṃkarakaraḥ na akṛṣyakarakṛt na kaḥ cit pāpakṛt janaḥ āsīt[while] that king ruled, there was no one who mixed the classes, none who tilled the untillable (a violator of order), not a single man who committed sin
तदा नराः धर्म्यां रतिं सेवमानाः धर्मार्थौ अभिपेदिरेtadā narāḥ dharmyāṃ ratiṃ sevamānāḥ dharmārthau abhipedirethen, [given over] to delight consonant with dharma, people attained both dharma and profit
तस्मिन् जनपदेश्वरे चोरभयं न आसीत् क्षुधाभयं अणु अपि न व्याधिभयं च न आसीत्tasmin janapadeśvare corabhayaṃ na āsīt kṣudhābhayaṃ aṇu api na vyādhibhayaṃ ca na āsītunder that lord of the land there was no fear of thieves, not the slightest fear of hunger, nor fear of disease
वर्णाः स्वैः धर्मैः रेमिरे दैवे कर्मणि निःस्पृहाः तं महीपालं आश्रित्य अकुतोभयाः आसन्varṇāḥ svaiḥ dharmaiḥ remire daive karmaṇi niḥspṛhāḥ taṃ mahīpālaṃ āśritya akutobhayāḥ āsanthe classes delighted in their own dharmas, not craving [even] the fruits of sacrificial acts; relying on that king, [they] were free from fear
जनमेजयjanamejayaoriginal form "janamejaya", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
इदंidaṃoriginal form "idaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ब्रह्मन्brahmanoriginal form "brahman", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
देवदानवरक्षसाम्devadānavarakṣasāmoriginal form "devadānavarakṣasām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सम्यग्samyagoriginal form "samyag", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तथाtathāoriginal form "tathā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुtuoriginal form "tu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भूयbhūyaoriginal form "bhūya", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वंशम्vaṃśamoriginal form "vaṃśam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
विप्रvipraoriginal form "vipra", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
विप्रर्षिगणसंनिधौviprarṣigaṇasaṃnidhauoriginal form "viprarṣigaṇasaṃnidhau", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वैशंपायनvaiśaṃpāyanaoriginal form "vaiśaṃpāyana", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वंशकरोvaṃśakarooriginal form "vaṃśakaro", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
दुःषन्तोduḥṣantooriginal form "duḥṣanto", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पृथिव्याश्pṛthivyāśoriginal form "pṛthivyāś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चतुरन्तायाcaturantāyāoriginal form "caturantāyā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भरतसत्तमbharatasattamaoriginal form "bharatasattama", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
समुद्रावरणांश्samudrāvaraṇāṃśoriginal form "samudrāvaraṇāṃś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चापिcāpioriginal form "cāpi", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
रत्नाकरसमुद्रान्तांश्ratnākarasamudrāntāṃśoriginal form "ratnākarasamudrāntāṃś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वर्णसंकरकरोvarṇasaṃkarakarooriginal form "varṇasaṃkarakaro", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नाकृष्यकरकृज्जनःnākṛṣyakarakṛjjanaḥoriginal form "nākṛṣyakarakṛjjanaḥ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कश्kaśoriginal form "kaś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चिद्cidoriginal form "cid", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सेवमानाsevamānāoriginal form "sevamānā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
धर्मार्थाव्dharmārthāvoriginal form "dharmārthāv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नराnarāoriginal form "narā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नरव्याघ्रnaravyāghraoriginal form "naravyāghra", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तस्मिञ्tasmiñoriginal form "tasmiñ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नासीच्nāsīcoriginal form "nāsīc", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तातtātaoriginal form "tāta", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
क्षुधाभयम्kṣudhābhayamoriginal form "kṣudhābhayam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अण्व्aṇvoriginal form "aṇv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नासीद्nāsīdoriginal form "nāsīd", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चापिcāpioriginal form "cāpi", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तस्मिञ्tasmiñoriginal form "tasmiñ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
जनपदेश्वरेjanapadeśvareoriginal form "janapadeśvare", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
स्वैर्svairoriginal form "svair", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
धर्मैdharmaioriginal form "dharmai", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वर्णाvarṇāoriginal form "varṇā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तम्tamoriginal form "tam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
महीपालम्mahīpālamoriginal form "mahīpālam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
आसंश्āsaṃśoriginal form "āsaṃś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चैवाकुतोभयाःcaivākutobhayāḥoriginal form "caivākutobhayāḥ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
Here, beginning the genealogy of the Kurus, Vaishampayana presents its first forefather — King Dushyanta. It is telling that the tale of the ancestors of the Pandavas and Kauravas opens with the image of ideal rule: under Dushyanta "there was no one who committed sin, no fear of thieves, hunger, or disease." What is shown here is that a king's true greatness lies not in conquest (though conquest too is named) but in this: that under his shelter dharma flourishes and fear vanishes. Notable is the description of the subjects' happiness: "the classes delighted in their own dharmas, not craving [the fruits]" — that is, each performed his duty with joy, not from self-interest; this is the ideal of selfless performance of dharma (nishkama-karma). And "relying on the king, they were free from fear" — an image of how righteous rule grants subjects a "refuge": the king as protector, under whose shelter a peaceful, righteous life becomes possible. Thus the history of a lineage destined to fall in fratricide opens with the benevolent image of its forefather; the contrast is bitter and instructive.