Mahabharata
Prajāgara (040) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's Night of Anxiety, Chapters 33–40)5.40.11-15
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Mahabharata · 5.40.11-15
Devanāgarī

इदं च त्वां सर्वपरं ब्रवीमि; पुण्यं पदं तात महाविशिष्टम् ॥
न जातु कामान् न भयान् न लोभाद्; धर्मं त्यजेज् जीवितस्यापि हेतोः ॥
नित्यो धर्मः सुखदुःखे त्व् अनित्ये; नित्यो जीवो धातुर् अस्य त्व् अनित्यः ॥
त्यक्त्वानित्यं प्रतितिष्ठस्व नित्ये; संतुष्य त्वं तोषपरो हि लाभः ॥
महाबलान् पश्य महानुभावान्; प्रशास्य भूमिं धनधान्यपूर्णाम् ॥
राज्यानि हित्वा विपुलांश् च भोगान्; गतान् नरेन्द्रान् वशम् अन्तकस्य ॥
मृतं पुत्रं दुःखपुष्टं मनुष्या; उत्क्षिप्य राजन् स्वगृहान् निर्हरन्ति ॥
तं मुक्तकेशाः करुणं रुदन्तश्; चितामध्ये काष्ठम् इव क्षिपन्ति ॥
अन्यो धनं प्रेतगतस्य भुङ्क्ते; वयांसि चाग्निश् च शरीरधातून् ॥
द्वाभ्याम् अयं सह गच्छत्य् अमुत्र; पुण्येन पापेन च वेष्ट्यमानः ॥

Transliteration (IAST)

idaṃ ca tvāṃ sarvaparaṃ bravīmi; puṇyaṃ padaṃ tāta mahāviśiṣṭam ||
na jātu kāmān na bhayān na lobhād; dharmaṃ tyajej jīvitasyāpi hetoḥ ||
nityo dharmaḥ sukhaduḥkhe tv anitye; nityo jīvo dhātur asya tv anityaḥ ||
tyaktvānityaṃ pratitiṣṭhasva nitye; saṃtuṣya tvaṃ toṣaparo hi lābhaḥ ||
mahābalān paśya mahānubhāvān; praśāsya bhūmiṃ dhanadhānyapūrṇām ||
rājyāni hitvā vipulāṃś ca bhogān; gatān narendrān vaśam antakasya ||
mṛtaṃ putraṃ duḥkhapuṣṭaṃ manuṣyā; utkṣipya rājan svagṛhān nirharanti ||
taṃ muktakeśāḥ karuṇaṃ rudantaś; citāmadhye kāṣṭham iva kṣipanti ||
anyo dhanaṃ pretagatasya bhuṅkte; vayāṃsi cāgniś ca śarīradhātūn ||
dvābhyām ayaṃ saha gacchaty amutra; puṇyena pāpena ca veṣṭyamānaḥ ||

Word-by-word
SanskritIASTMeaning
इदंidaṃthis; this very
caand; also
त्वांtvāṃto you; you
सर्वपरंsarvaparaṃsupreme above all; the most important
ब्रवीमिbravīmiI say; I speak
पुण्यंpuṇyaṃmeritorious; deserved
पदंpadaṃa place; a position
तातtātadear one; my son
महाविशिष्टम्mahāviśiṣṭamespecially excellent; truly outstanding
nanot; no
जातुjātuever; never
कामान्kāmāndesires; passions
nanot; no
भयान्bhayānout of fear; out of apprehension
nanot; no
लोभाद्lobhādout of greed; from avarice
धर्मंdharmaṃdharma; righteous duty
त्यजेज्tyajejlet him abandon; must reject
जीवितस्यापिjīvitasyāpieven of life; of life itself
हेतोःhetoḥfor the sake of; for the reason of
नित्योnityoeternal; permanent
धर्मःdharmaḥdharma; righteousness
सुखदुःखेsukhaduḥkhehappiness and suffering; joy and pain
त्व्tvbut; yet
अनित्येanityeimpermanent; transient
नित्योnityoeternal; permanent
जीवोjīvothe living being; the soul
धातुर्dhāturof the creator; of the maker
अस्यasyaits; of this
त्व्tvbut; yet
अनित्यःanityaḥimpermanent; transient
त्यक्त्वानित्यंtyaktvānityaṃhaving abandoned the impermanent; having cast off the transient
प्रतितिष्ठस्वpratitiṣṭhasvaestablish yourself; become firmly grounded
नित्येnityein the eternal; in the permanent
संतुष्यsaṃtuṣyahaving become content; having become satisfied
त्वंtvaṃyou; you yourself
तोषपरोtoṣaparoholding contentment supreme; devoted to satisfaction
हिhiindeed; for
लाभःlābhaḥgain; profit
महाबलान्mahābalānthe mighty; those possessed of great strength
पश्यpaśyabehold; see
महानुभावान्mahānubhāvānthe great; those of great power
प्रशास्यpraśāsyahaving ruled; governing
भूमिंbhūmiṃthe earth; the land
धनधान्यपूर्णाम्dhanadhānyapūrṇāmfull of wealth and grain; filled with treasures and grain
राज्यानिrājyānikingdoms; dominions
हित्वाhitvāhaving left; having abandoned
विपुलांश्vipulāṃśvast; great
caand; also
भोगान्bhogānenjoyments; pleasures
गतान्gatāngone; fallen
नरेन्द्रान्narendrānkings; lords of men
वशम्vaśamunder the power; under the control
अन्तकस्यantakasyaof Antaka; of death
मृतंmṛtaṃdead; deceased
पुत्रंputraṃson; Duryodhana
दुःखपुष्टंduḥkhapuṣṭaṃreared amid suffering; nurtured through hardship
मनुष्याmanuṣyāpeople; mortals
उत्क्षिप्यutkṣipyahaving lifted up; having carried out
राजन्rājanO lord; O sovereign
स्वगृहान्svagṛhānto their own home; home to themselves
निर्हरन्तिnirharanticarry out; take away
तंtaṃthat; him
मुक्तकेशाःmuktakeśāḥwith disheveled hair; dishevelled
करुणंkaruṇaṃpiteously; sorrowfully
रुदन्तश्rudantaśweeping; sobbing
चितामध्येcitāmadhyein the midst of the funeral pyre; into the middle of the pyre
काष्ठम्kāṣṭhama log; a piece of wood
इवivalike; as if
क्षिपन्तिkṣipantireproach; rebuke
अन्योanyoanother; other
धनंdhanaṃwealth; property
प्रेतगतस्यpretagatasyaof one who has departed dead; of one who has gone to the dead
भुङ्क्तेbhuṅktereaps; enjoys
वयांसिvayāṃsibirds; the feathered ones
चाग्निश्cāgniśand fire; and Agni
caand; also
शरीरधातून्śarīradhātūnthe elements of the body; the bodily constituents
द्वाभ्याम्dvābhyāmwith two; together with two
अयंayaṃthis; he
सहsahatogether with; along with
गच्छत्य्gacchatygoes; departs
अमुत्रamutrathere; in the other world
पुण्येनpuṇyenawith the sacred; with the pious
पापेनpāpenawith evil; with wrongdoing
caand; also
वेष्ट्यमानःveṣṭyamānaḥenveloped; surrounded
Translation

O sovereign, I wish to teach you one more sacred lesson, one that bears great fruit and stands supreme among all teachings, namely this: Virtue must never be abandoned out of desire, fear, or temptation — nor even for the sake of life itself. Virtue is eternal; pleasure and pain are transient; life itself is indeed eternal, but its several phases are transient. Having cast off the transient, devote yourself to that which is eternal, and let contentment be yours, for contentment is the highest of all gains. Behold: renowned and mighty kings, who ruled over lands abounding in wealth and grain, have fallen prey to the Universal Destroyer, leaving behind their kingdoms and their vast sources of enjoyment. A son, reared with tender care, once dead, is lifted up and carried away by the people to the burning ground. With disheveled hair and piteous weeping, they then cast his body into the funeral pyre, as though it were a mere piece of wood. Others enjoy the wealth of the departed, while birds and fire feast upon the elements of his body. Only with two companions does he go into the other world — namely, his merits and his sins, which alone accompany him.

Version

5124918fa731 · published Jul 17, 2026, 4:02:44 AM UTC

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