Mahabharata
Prajāgara (040) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's Night of Anxiety, Chapters 33–40)5.40.26-30
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Mahabharata · 5.40.26-30
Devanāgarī

ब्रह्मक्षत्रं वैश्यवर्णं च शूद्रः; क्रमेणैतान् न्यायतः पूजयानः ॥
तुष्टेष्व् एतेष्व् अव्यथो दग्धपापस्; त्यक्त्वा देहं स्वर्गसुखानि भुङ्क्ते ॥
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यैष धर्मस् तवोक्तो; हेतुं चात्र ब्रुवतो मे निबोध ॥
क्षात्राद् धर्माद् धीयते पाण्डुपुत्रस्; तं त्वं राजन् राजधर्मे नियुङ्क्ष्व ॥
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच
एवम् एतद् यथा मां त्वम् अनुशाससि नित्यदा ॥
ममापि च मतिः सौम्य भवत्य् एवं यथात्थ माम् ॥
सा तु बुद्धिः कृताप्य् एवं पाण्डवान् प्रति मे सदा ॥
दुर्योधनं समासाद्य पुनर् विपरिवर्तते ॥
न दिष्टम् अभ्यतिक्रान्तुं शक्यं मर्त्येन केन चित् ॥
दिष्टम् एव कृतं मन्ये पौरुषं तु निरर्थकम् ॥

Transliteration (IAST)

brahmakṣatraṃ vaiśyavarṇaṃ ca śūdraḥ; krameṇaitān nyāyataḥ pūjayānaḥ ||
tuṣṭeṣv eteṣv avyatho dagdhapāpas; tyaktvā dehaṃ svargasukhāni bhuṅkte ||
cāturvarṇyasyaiṣa dharmas tavokto; hetuṃ cātra bruvato me nibodha ||
kṣātrād dharmād dhīyate pāṇḍuputras; taṃ tvaṃ rājan rājadharme niyuṅkṣva ||
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca
evam etad yathā māṃ tvam anuśāsasi nityadā ||
mamāpi ca matiḥ saumya bhavaty evaṃ yathāttha mām ||
sā tu buddhiḥ kṛtāpy evaṃ pāṇḍavān prati me sadā ||
duryodhanaṃ samāsādya punar viparivartate ||
na diṣṭam abhyatikrāntuṃ śakyaṃ martyena kena cit ||
diṣṭam eva kṛtaṃ manye pauruṣaṃ tu nirarthakam ||

Word-by-word
SanskritIASTMeaning
ब्रह्मक्षत्रंbrahmakṣatraṃbrahmins and kshatriyas; the brahmin-kshatriya order
वैश्यवर्णंvaiśyavarṇaṃthe vaishya order; the vaishya varna
caand; also
शूद्रःśūdraḥa shudra; a servant
क्रमेणैतान्krameṇaitānthese in order; them in sequence
न्यायतःnyāyataḥjustly; in due manner
पूजयानःpūjayānaḥhonoring; respecting
तुष्टेष्व्tuṣṭeṣvwhen they are pleased; when they are satisfied
एतेष्व्eteṣvin these; when these
अव्यथोavyathountroubled; undisturbed
दग्धपापस्dagdhapāpaswith sin burned away; with sin purified
त्यक्त्वाtyaktvāhaving left; having cast off
देहंdehaṃthe body; the flesh
स्वर्गसुखानिsvargasukhāniheavenly joys; the delights of paradise
भुङ्क्तेbhuṅktereaps; enjoys
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यैषcāturvarṇyasyaiṣathis, for the four varnas; such, for the four orders
धर्मस्dharmasdharma; righteousness
तवोक्तोtavoktohas been told to you; has been explained to you
हेतुंhetuṃthe reason; the cause
चात्रcātraand here; and in this
ब्रुवतोbruvatoof one speaking; of one who speaks
मेmemy; of mine
निबोधnibodhalearn; hear
क्षात्राद्kṣātrādfrom the kshatriya; from the royal
धर्माद्dharmādfrom dharma; from righteousness
धीयतेdhīyateis turned away; is diverted
पाण्डुपुत्रस्pāṇḍuputrasthe son of Pandu; a Pandava
तंtaṃhim; that one
त्वंtvaṃyou; you yourself
राजन्rājanO lord; O sovereign
राजधर्मेrājadharmein the royal dharma; in the duty of a ruler
नियुङ्क्ष्वniyuṅkṣvaappoint; employ
धृतराष्ट्रdhṛtarāṣṭraDhritarashtra; King Dhritarashtra
उवाचuvācasaid; spoke
एवम्evamthus; even so
एतद्etadthis; such
यथाyathāas; in what way
मांmāṃme; me myself
त्वम्tvamyou; you yourself
अनुशाससिanuśāsasiyou instruct; you teach
नित्यदाnityadāalways; constantly
ममापिmamāpiand mine also; also from me
caand; also
मतिःmatiḥthought; opinion
सौम्यsaumyaO gentle one; noble one
भवत्य्bhavatybecomes; is
एवंevaṃthus; in this way
यथात्थyathātthaas you have said; as you say
माम्māmto me; me
साthat; she
तुtubut; yet
बुद्धिःbuddhiḥthought; mind
कृताप्य्kṛtāpyeven when made; though adopted
एवंevaṃthus; in this way
पाण्डवान्pāṇḍavāntoward the Pandavas; the Pandavas
प्रतिpratitoward; regarding
मेmemy; of mine
सदाsadāalways; constantly
दुर्योधनंduryodhanaṃDuryodhana; King Duryodhana
समासाद्यsamāsādyaupon meeting; upon coming into contact with
पुनर्punaragain; then
विपरिवर्ततेviparivartateturns back; changes
nanot; no
दिष्टम्diṣṭamfate; that which is ordained by destiny
अभ्यतिक्रान्तुंabhyatikrāntuṃto overcome; to transgress
शक्यंśakyaṃpossible; able
मर्त्येनmartyenaby a mortal; by a man
केनkenaby whatever; by whichever
चित्citat all; whatsoever
दिष्टम्diṣṭamfate; that which is ordained by destiny
एवevaindeed; itself
कृतंkṛtaṃdone; accomplished
मन्येmanyeI think; I consider
पौरुषंpauruṣaṃhuman effort; manly action
तुtubut; yet
निरर्थकम्nirarthakamuseless; futile
Translation

Having duly worshipped brahmins, kshatriyas, and vaishyas, having burned away his sins by satisfying them, and then peacefully casting off his body, a shudra enjoys the bliss of heaven. Thus the duties of the four orders have been set before you. Now hear the reason for what I say. Yudhishthira, the son of Pandu, is turning away from the duties of the kshatriya order. Therefore, O king, appoint him to the duties fit for kings.' Dhritarashtra said: 'It is so, just as you always teach me. O gentle one, my own heart, too, inclines toward the very path you speak of to me. And yet, though my mind leans toward the Pandavas, even as you teach me to do, the moment I come into contact with Duryodhana, it turns another way entirely. No creature can avert fate. Indeed, I think that fate alone will surely run its course — human effort is useless.'

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de5e314332dc · published Jul 17, 2026, 4:02:44 AM UTC

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