Upanishads · Muṇḍaka 2.1.9
॥
Devanāgarī
अतः समुद्राः गिरयः च सर्वे अस्मात् स्यन्दन्ते सिन्धवः सर्वरूपाः ।
अतः च सर्वाः ओषधयः रसः च येन एषः भूतैः तिष्ठते हि अन्तरात्मा ॥
Transliteration (IAST)
ataḥ samudrāḥ girayaḥ ca sarve asmāt syandante sindhavaḥ sarvarūpāḥ |
ataḥ ca sarvāḥ oṣadhayaḥ rasaḥ ca yena eṣaḥ bhūtaiḥ tiṣṭhate hi antarātmā ||
Word-by-word
SanskritIASTMeaning
अतःataḥfrom here; out of Him
समुद्राःsamudrāḥthe seas (samudra); the oceans; the ocean waters
गिरयः चgirayaḥ caand the mountains (giri); and the rocks; and the peaks
सर्वेsarveall; entirely
अस्मात्asmātout of Him; from Him
स्यन्दन्तेsyandanteflow; flow forth
सिन्धवःsindhavaḥthe rivers (sindhu); the streams; the streams
सर्वरूपाःsarvarūpāḥof every kind (sarva-rūpa); of all forms; of every sort
अतः चataḥ caand from here; and out of Him
सर्वाःsarvāḥall; entirely
ओषधयःoṣadhayaḥplants; herbs
रसः चrasaḥ caand the sap (rasa — 'sap, savour, essence'); and the quickening moisture; and the savour-essence
येनyenaby which; thanks to which
एषःeṣaḥthis; he
भूतैःbhūtaiḥwith the beings; through the elements
तिष्ठतेtiṣṭhatestands; abides
हिhiindeed; indeed
अन्तरात्माantarātmāthe inner Ātman (antar-ātman); the indwelling Spirit; the hidden Self
Translation
From Him are all the seas and mountains; from Him flow rivers of every kind; from Him are all the herbs and [their] sap, by which, [clothed] in the elements, the inner Ātman abides.
Version
8e90cb816730 · published Jul 26, 2026, 8:10:40 PM UTC
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The inventory's last look is at the living earth: samudrā girayaś ca sarve — seas and mountains (the immovable and the immeasurable); sindhavaḥ sarva-rūpāḥ — "rivers of every kind" (the flowing and life-giving); sarvāḥ oṣadhayo rasaś ca — "all the herbs and the sap": rasa — sap, savour, essence: the moisture of life that runs in stalks and veins.
And the purpose of the sap is disclosed marvellously: yenaiṣa bhūtais tiṣṭhate hy antarātmā — "by which this inner Ātman abides among the elements": fed by the sap of herbs the body stands — and in the standing body the inner Spirit abides: the dew-moisture of the earth turns out to be the handmaid of the divine Presence: every sip and morsel is the upkeep of a temple in which the Antarātmā lives.
So the second wave of the answer to Śaunaka concludes. The first muṇḍaka said: know the Imperishable — the Womb of all; the second has so far shown: out of the Puruṣa comes everything — from the Vedas to the barley, from the gods to the river silt. It remains to pronounce the identity itself — and the next verse will say it outright: puruṣa evedaṁ viśvam — "the Puruṣa is all this".