Mahābhārata 3.19.1–6

Pradyumna-sārathi-saṃvāda-parva (Pradyumna's Dispute with His Charioteer)3.19.1–6

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Mahābhārata · 3.19.1–6

॥

Devanāgarī

वासुदेव उवाच
शाल्वबाणार्दिते तस्मिन् प्रद्युम्ने बलिनां वरे ॥
वृष्णयो भग्नसंकल्पा विव्यथुः पृतनागताः ॥
हाहाकृतम् अभूत् सार्वं वृष्ण्यन्धकबलं तदा ॥
प्रद्युम्ने पतिते राजन् परे च मुदिताभवन् ॥
तं तथा मोहितं दृष्ट्वा सारथिर् जवनैर् हयैः ॥
रणाद् अपाहरत् तूर्णं शिक्षितो दारुकिस् ततः ॥
नातिदूरापयाते तु रथे रथवरप्रणुत् ॥
धनुर् गृहीत्वा यन्तारं लब्धसंज्ञो ऽब्रवीद् इदम् ॥
सौते किं ते व्यवसितं कस्माद् यासि पराङ्मुखः ॥
नैष वृष्णिप्रवीराणाम् आहवे धर्म उच्यते ॥
कच्चित् सौते न ते मोहः शाल्वं दृष्ट्वा महाहवे ॥
विषादो वा रणं दृष्ट्वा ब्रूहि मे त्वं यथातथम् ॥

Transliteración (IAST)

vāsudeva uvāca
śālvabāṇārdite tasmin pradyumne balināṃ vare ||
vṛṣṇayo bhagnasaṃkalpā vivyathuḥ pṛtanāgatāḥ ||
hāhākṛtam abhūt sārvaṃ vṛṣṇyandhakabalaṃ tadā ||
pradyumne patite rājan pare ca muditābhavan ||
taṃ tathā mohitaṃ dṛṣṭvā sārathir javanair hayaiḥ ||
raṇād apāharat tūrṇaṃ śikṣito dārukis tataḥ ||
nātidūrāpayāte tu rathe rathavarapraṇut ||
dhanur gṛhītvā yantāraṃ labdhasaṃjño 'bravīd idam ||
saute kiṃ te vyavasitaṃ kasmād yāsi parāṅmukhaḥ ||
naiṣa vṛṣṇipravīrāṇām āhave dharma ucyate ||
kaccit saute na te mohaḥ śālvaṃ dṛṣṭvā mahāhave ||
viṣādo vā raṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā brūhi me tvaṃ yathātatham ||

Palabra por palabra

SánscritoIASTSignificado

वासुदेव उवाचvāsudeva uvācaVasudeva said

शाल्वबाणार्दिते तस्मिन् प्रद्युम्ने बलिनां वरेśālvabāṇārdite tasmin pradyumne balināṃ varewhen Pradyumna, best of the mighty, was tormented by Shalva's arrows

वृष्णयः भग्नसंकल्पाः विव्यथुः पृतनागताःvṛṣṇayaḥ bhagnasaṃkalpāḥ vivyathuḥ pṛtanāgatāḥthe Vrishnis in the army, their resolve broken, wavered

हाहाकृतम् अभूत् सार्वं वृष्ण्यन्धकबलं तदाhāhākṛtam abhūt sārvaṃ vṛṣṇyandhakabalaṃ tadāthe whole army of the Vrishnis and Andhakas then raised a cry of despair

प्रद्युम्ने पतिते राजन् परे च मुदिताः अभवन्pradyumne patite rājan pare ca muditāḥ abhavanwhen Pradyumna fell, O king, the enemies rejoiced

तं तथा मोहितं दृष्ट्वा सारथिः जवैः हयैःtaṃ tathā mohitaṃ dṛṣṭvā sārathiḥ javaiḥ hayaiḥseeing him thus bereft of consciousness, the charioteer, on swift horses

रणात् अपाहरत् तूर्णं शिक्षितः दारुकिः ततःraṇāt apāharat tūrṇaṃ śikṣitaḥ dārukiḥ tataḥquickly carried him away from the battle, the trained son of Daruka

न अतिदूर अपयाते तु रथे रथवरप्रणुत्na atidūra apayāte tu rathe rathavarapraṇutbut when the chariot had not gone very far, O one praised by the finest charioteers

धनुः गृहीत्वा यन्तारं लब्धसंज्ञः अब्रवीत् इदम्dhanuḥ gṛhītvā yantāraṃ labdhasaṃjñaḥ abravīt idamtaking up his bow, having regained consciousness, he said this to the charioteer

सौते किं ते व्यवसितं कस्मात् यासि पराङ्मुखःsaute kiṃ te vyavasitaṃ kasmāt yāsi parāṅmukhaḥO charioteer, what have you decided? Why do you turn away from the enemy?

न एष वृष्णिप्रवीराणाम् आहवे धर्मः उच्यतेna eṣa vṛṣṇipravīrāṇām āhave dharmaḥ ucyatethis is not called the dharma of the foremost heroes of the Vrishnis in battle

कच्चित् सौते न ते मोहः शाल्वं दृष्ट्वा महाहवेkaccit saute na te mohaḥ śālvaṃ dṛṣṭvā mahāhavesurely, O charioteer, you were not bewildered, seeing Shalva in the great battle

विषादः वा रणं दृष्ट्वा ब्रूहि मे त्वं यथातथम्viṣādaḥ vā raṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā brūhi me tvaṃ yathātathamor dismayed, seeing the fight; tell me exactly as it is

वृष्णयोvṛṣṇayooriginal form “vṛṣṇayo”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

भग्नसंकल्पाbhagnasaṃkalpāoriginal form “bhagnasaṃkalpā”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

मुदिताभवन्muditābhavanoriginal form “muditābhavan”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

सारथिर्sārathiroriginal form “sārathir”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

जवनैर्javanairoriginal form “javanair”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

रणाद्raṇādoriginal form “raṇād”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

शिक्षितोśikṣitooriginal form “śikṣito”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

दारुकिस्dārukisoriginal form “dārukis”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

नातिदूरापयातेnātidūrāpayāteoriginal form “nātidūrāpayāte”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

धनुर्dhanuroriginal form “dhanur”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

लब्धसंज्ञोlabdhasaṃjñooriginal form “labdhasaṃjño”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

ऽब्रवीद्'bravīdoriginal form “'bravīd”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

कस्माद्kasmādoriginal form “kasmād”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

नैषnaiṣaoriginal form “naiṣa”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

धर्मdharmaoriginal form “dharma”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

विषादोviṣādooriginal form “viṣādo”, added to complete the word-by-word coverage

Traducción

Vasudeva said: ‘When Pradyumna, best of the mighty, was worn down by Shalva’s arrows, the Vrishnis in the army wavered, and the enemy rejoiced. Seeing him unconscious, the trained son of Daruka quickly drove the chariot away from the battle. But when they had gone only a short distance, Pradyumna came to his senses, took up his bow, and said to the charioteer: “What have you decided, O suta? Why do you drive on, turned away from the enemy? This is not the dharma of the foremost heroes of the Vrishnis. Were you not bewildered, seeing Shalva in the great battle? Or has dismay seized you? Tell me exactly as it is.”’

Comentario

Pradyumna's first impulse is to return to duty, not to comfort. Even being saved seems suspect to him if it looks like flight. But the chapter at once raises a subtle question: where is the line between courage and the duty to preserve a warrior for battle?

Versión

cfc4167bb618 · publicado 16 jul 2026, 16:44:35 UTC

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