Mahābhārata
Bhishma-kala-nirnaya-parva (The Determination of the Time)4.47.1-14
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Mahābhārata · 4.47.1-14
Devanāgarī

भीष्म उवाच
कलांशास् तात युज्यन्ते मुहूर्ताश् च दिनानि च ॥
अर्धमासाश् च मासाश् च नक्षत्राणि ग्रहास् तथा ॥
ऋतवश् चापि युज्यन्ते तथा संवत्सरा अपि ॥
एवं कालविभागेन कालचक्रं प्रवर्तते ॥
तेषां कालातिरेकेण ज्योतिषां च व्यतिक्रमात् ॥
पञ्चमे पञ्चमे वर्षे द्वौ मासाव् उपजायतः ॥
तेषाम् अभ्यधिका मासाः पञ्च द्वादश च क्षपाः ॥
त्रयोदशानां वर्षाणाम् इति मे वर्तते मतिः ॥
सर्वं यथावच् चरितं यद् यद् एभिः परिश्रुतम् ॥
एवम् एतद् ध्रुवं ज्ञात्वा ततो बीभत्सुर् आगतः ॥
सर्वे चैव महात्मानः सर्वे धर्मार्थकोविदाः ॥
येषां युधिष्ठिरो राजा कस्माद् धर्मे ऽपराध्नुयुः ॥
अलुब्धाश् चैव कौन्तेयाः कृतवन्तश् च दुष्करम् ॥
न चापि केवलं राज्यम् इच्छेयुस् ते ऽनुपायतः ॥
तदैव ते हि विक्रान्तुम् ईषुः कौरवनन्दनाः ॥
धर्मपाशनिबद्धास् तु न चेलुः क्षत्रियव्रतात् ॥
यच् चानृत इति ख्यायेद् यच् च गच्छेत् पराभवम् ॥
वृणुयुर् मरणं पार्था नानृतत्वं कथं चन ॥
प्राप्ते तु काले प्राप्तव्यं नोत्सृजेयुर् नरर्षभाः ॥
अपि वज्रभृता गुप्तं तथावीर्या हि पाण्डवाः ॥
प्रतियुध्याम समरे सर्वशस्त्रभृतां वरम् ॥
तस्माद् यद् अत्र कल्याणं लोके सद्भिर् अनुष्ठितम् ॥
तत् संविधीयतां क्षिप्रं मा नो ह्य् अर्थो ऽतिगात् परान् ॥
न हि पश्यामि संग्रामे कदा चिद् अपि कौरव ॥
एकान्तसिद्धिं राजेन्द्र संप्राप्तश् च धनंजयः ॥
संप्रवृत्ते तु संग्रामे भावाभावौ जयाजयौ ॥
अवश्यम् एकं स्पृशतो दृष्टम् एतद् असंशयम् ॥
तस्माद् युद्धावचरिकं कर्म वा धर्मसंहितम् ॥
क्रियताम् आशु राजेन्द्र संप्राप्तो हि धनंजयः ॥

Transliteración (IAST)

bhīṣma uvāca
kalāṃśās tāta yujyante muhūrtāś ca dināni ca ||
ardhamāsāś ca māsāś ca nakṣatrāṇi grahās tathā ||
ṛtavaś cāpi yujyante tathā saṃvatsarā api ||
evaṃ kālavibhāgena kālacakraṃ pravartate ||
teṣāṃ kālātirekeṇa jyotiṣāṃ ca vyatikramāt ||
pañcame pañcame varṣe dvau māsāv upajāyataḥ ||
teṣām abhyadhikā māsāḥ pañca dvādaśa ca kṣapāḥ ||
trayodaśānāṃ varṣāṇām iti me vartate matiḥ ||
sarvaṃ yathāvac caritaṃ yad yad ebhiḥ pariśrutam ||
evam etad dhruvaṃ jñātvā tato bībhatsur āgataḥ ||
sarve caiva mahātmānaḥ sarve dharmārthakovidāḥ ||
yeṣāṃ yudhiṣṭhiro rājā kasmād dharme 'parādhnuyuḥ ||
alubdhāś caiva kaunteyāḥ kṛtavantaś ca duṣkaram ||
na cāpi kevalaṃ rājyam iccheyus te 'nupāyataḥ ||
tadaiva te hi vikrāntum īṣuḥ kauravanandanāḥ ||
dharmapāśanibaddhās tu na celuḥ kṣatriyavratāt ||
yac cānṛta iti khyāyed yac ca gacchet parābhavam ||
vṛṇuyur maraṇaṃ pārthā nānṛtatvaṃ kathaṃ cana ||
prāpte tu kāle prāptavyaṃ notsṛjeyur nararṣabhāḥ ||
api vajrabhṛtā guptaṃ tathāvīryā hi pāṇḍavāḥ ||
pratiyudhyāma samare sarvaśastrabhṛtāṃ varam ||
tasmād yad atra kalyāṇaṃ loke sadbhir anuṣṭhitam ||
tat saṃvidhīyatāṃ kṣipraṃ mā no hy artho 'tigāt parān ||
na hi paśyāmi saṃgrāme kadā cid api kaurava ||
ekāntasiddhiṃ rājendra saṃprāptaś ca dhanaṃjayaḥ ||
saṃpravṛtte tu saṃgrāme bhāvābhāvau jayājayau ||
avaśyam ekaṃ spṛśato dṛṣṭam etad asaṃśayam ||
tasmād yuddhāvacarikaṃ karma vā dharmasaṃhitam ||
kriyatām āśu rājendra saṃprāpto hi dhanaṃjayaḥ ||

Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
भीष्मbhīṣmaBhishma
उवाचuvācasaid
कलांशास्kalāṃśāsform kalāṃśās
तातtātaO dear one
युज्यन्तेyujyanteform yujyante
मुहूर्ताश्muhūrtāśform muhūrtāś
caand
दिनानिdināniform dināni
caand
अर्धमासाश्ardhamāsāśform ardhamāsāś
caand
मासाश्māsāśform māsāś
caand
नक्षत्राणिnakṣatrāṇikshatriya
ग्रहास्grahāsform grahās
तथाtathāthus, also
ऋतवश्ṛtavaśform ṛtavaś
चापिcāpiand also
युज्यन्तेyujyanteform yujyante
तथाtathāthus, also
संवत्सराsaṃvatsarāform saṃvatsarā
अपिapialso, even
एवंevaṃthus
कालविभागेनkālavibhāgenaform kālavibhāgena
कालचक्रंkālacakraṃdisc, wheel
प्रवर्ततेpravartateform pravartate
तेषांteṣāṃtheir, of those
कालातिरेकेणkālātirekeṇaform kālātirekeṇa
ज्योतिषांjyotiṣāṃform jyotiṣāṃ
caand
व्यतिक्रमात्vyatikramātform vyatikramāt
पञ्चमेpañcameform pañcame
पञ्चमेpañcameform pañcame
वर्षेvarṣeform varṣe
द्वौdvauform dvau
मासाव्māsāvform māsāv
उपजायतःupajāyataḥform upajāyataḥ
तेषाम्teṣāmtheir, of those
अभ्यधिकाabhyadhikāform abhyadhikā
मासाःmāsāḥform māsāḥ
पञ्चpañcafive
द्वादशdvādaśatwelve
caand
क्षपाःkṣapāḥform kṣapāḥ
त्रयोदशानांtrayodaśānāṃform trayodaśānāṃ
वर्षाणाम्varṣāṇāmform varṣāṇām
इतिitithus, so-called
मेmeto me, my
वर्ततेvartateform vartate
मतिःmatiḥthought, decision
सर्वंsarvaṃall, everything
यथावच्yathāvacform yathāvac
चरितंcaritaṃform caritaṃ
यद्yadwhich, when
यद्yadwhich, when
एभिःebhiḥform ebhiḥ
परिश्रुतम्pariśrutamform pariśrutam
एवम्evamthus
एतद्etadthis
ध्रुवंdhruvaṃcertainly
ज्ञात्वाjñātvāto know
ततोtatothen, from there
बीभत्सुर्bībhatsurBibhatsu
आगतःāgataḥhaving come
सर्वेsarveall
चैवcaivaand indeed
महात्मानःmahātmānaḥgreat
सर्वेsarveall
धर्मार्थकोविदाःdharmārthakovidāḥform dharmārthakovidāḥ
येषांyeṣāṃwhose, of whom
युधिष्ठिरोyudhiṣṭhiroYudhishthira
राजाrājāking
कस्माद्kasmādwhy? whence?
धर्मेdharmein dharma
ऽपराध्नुयुः'parādhnuyuḥform 'parādhnuyuḥ
अलुब्धाश्alubdhāśform alubdhāś
चैवcaivaand indeed
कौन्तेयाःkaunteyāḥKaunteya
कृतवन्तश्kṛtavantaśform kṛtavantaś
caand
दुष्करम्duṣkaramform duṣkaram
nanot
चापिcāpiand also
केवलंkevalaṃonly
राज्यम्rājyamking
इच्छेयुस्iccheyusform iccheyus
तेtethey; to you
ऽनुपायतः'nupāyataḥform 'nupāyataḥ
तदैवtadaivaform tadaiva
तेtethey; to you
हिhiindeed
विक्रान्तुम्vikrāntumform vikrāntum
ईषुःīṣuḥform īṣuḥ
कौरवनन्दनाःkauravanandanāḥform kauravanandanāḥ
धर्मपाशनिबद्धास्dharmapāśanibaddhāsdharma
तुtubut, indeed
nanot
चेलुःceluḥform celuḥ
क्षत्रियव्रतात्kṣatriyavratātkshatriya
यच्yacwhich
चानृतcānṛtaform cānṛta
इतिitithus, so-called
ख्यायेद्khyāyedform khyāyed
यच्yacwhich
caand
गच्छेत्gacchetlet it go
पराभवम्parābhavamform parābhavam
वृणुयुर्vṛṇuyurform vṛṇuyur
मरणंmaraṇaṃdeath
पार्थाpārthāPartha
नानृतत्वंnānṛtatvaṃform nānṛtatvaṃ
कथंkathaṃhow?
चनcanaindeed, or
प्राप्तेprāptewhen it has come
तुtubut, indeed
कालेkālein time, at the appointed time
प्राप्तव्यंprāptavyaṃform prāptavyaṃ
नोत्सृजेयुर्notsṛjeyurform notsṛjeyur
नरर्षभाःnararṣabhāḥman, husband
अपिapialso, even
वज्रभृताvajrabhṛtāform vajrabhṛtā
गुप्तंguptaṃhidden, protected
तथावीर्याtathāvīryāhero
हिhiindeed
पाण्डवाःpāṇḍavāḥPandavas
प्रतियुध्यामpratiyudhyāmaform pratiyudhyāma
समरेsamarein battle
सर्वशस्त्रभृतांsarvaśastrabhṛtāṃweapon
वरम्varambest, boon
तस्माद्tasmādtherefore
यद्yadwhich, when
अत्रatrahere
कल्याणंkalyāṇaṃform kalyāṇaṃ
लोकेlokein the world
सद्भिर्sadbhirform sadbhir
अनुष्ठितम्anuṣṭhitamform anuṣṭhitam
तत्tatthat, this
संविधीयतांsaṃvidhīyatāṃform saṃvidhīyatāṃ
क्षिप्रंkṣipraṃquickly
माnot, lest
नोnoto us, our
ह्य्hyindeed
अर्थोarthopurpose, matter
ऽतिगात्'tigātform 'tigāt
परान्parānenemies, others
nanot
हिhiindeed
पश्यामिpaśyāmito see
संग्रामेsaṃgrāmein battle
कदाkadāwhen?
चिद्cidindeed, or
अपिapialso, even
कौरवkauravaform kaurava
एकान्तसिद्धिंekāntasiddhiṃform ekāntasiddhiṃ
राजेन्द्रrājendraO best of kings
संप्राप्तश्saṃprāptaśform saṃprāptaś
caand
धनंजयःdhanaṃjayaḥDhananjaya
संप्रवृत्तेsaṃpravṛtteform saṃpravṛtte
तुtubut, indeed
संग्रामेsaṃgrāmein battle
भावाभावौbhāvābhāvauform bhāvābhāvau
जयाजयौjayājayauvictory
अवश्यम्avaśyamform avaśyam
एकंekaṃone
स्पृशतोspṛśatoform spṛśato
दृष्टम्dṛṣṭamform dṛṣṭam
एतद्etadthis
असंशयम्asaṃśayamform asaṃśayam
तस्माद्tasmādtherefore
युद्धावचरिकंyuddhāvacarikaṃbattle
कर्मkarmadeed, action
वाor
धर्मसंहितम्dharmasaṃhitamdharma
क्रियताम्kriyatāmform kriyatām
आशुāśuquickly
राजेन्द्रrājendraO best of kings
संप्राप्तोsaṃprāptoform saṃprāpto
हिhiindeed
धनंजयःdhanaṃjayaḥDhananjaya
Traducción

Bhishma said: 'Fractions of time combine, dear child — muhurtas, days, half-months, months, lunar mansions, and planets. The seasons too combine, and so do the years; thus, through this division of time, the wheel of time turns. Because of the excess of time and the shifting of the heavenly bodies, two extra months arise in every fifth year. For thirteen years, by my reckoning, this yields five additional months and twelve nights. Everything that was promised by them has been duly fulfilled. Knowing this for certain, Bibhatsu has now come. All of them are great souls, all versed in dharma and its true purpose; with Yudhishthira as their king, why would they ever transgress dharma? The sons of Kunti are free of greed and have accomplished what is hard to accomplish; they would not desire the kingdom alone by unrighteous means. Even then, O joy of the Kurus, they wished to show their valor, but bound by the bonds of dharma, they did not depart from the kshatriya vow. Whatever would brand them as liars, and whatever would lead to defeat — the sons of Pritha would choose death over falsehood in any way. When the time has come, these bulls among men will not give up what is rightfully theirs, even if it were guarded by the wielder of the thunderbolt himself — such is the strength of the Pandavas. Let us fight in battle against the best of all who bear weapons. Therefore, whatever good is here, whatever the virtuous have carried out in this world, let it be swiftly arranged, lest our purpose pass to others. I see no certainty, ever, in any battle, O Kaurava, of victory belonging to one side alone, O king of kings; and Dhananjaya has already arrived. Once battle has begun, being and non-being, victory and defeat inevitably touch one side or the other — this is seen without doubt. Therefore, O king of kings, let whatever action pertains to war, or is joined with dharma, be done swiftly, for Dhananjaya has arrived.'

Versión

12f412b0863a · publicado 16 jul 2026, 18:27:29 UTC

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