SánscritoIASTSignificado
सुखोचितोsukhocitoaccustomed to comfort; habituated to happiness; used to ease
दुःखशय्यांduḥkhaśayyāṃa bed of suffering; a tormenting couch; a bed of sorrow
वनेषुvaneṣuin the forests; amid the woods
दीर्घंdīrghaṃlong; prolonged; extended
कालंkālaṃtime; period
नकुलोnakuloNakula; son of Madri; the Pandava Nakula
याम्yāmwhich; what; that which
अशेतaśetalay; slept; rested
आशीविषःāśīviṣaḥa venomous serpent; a deadly snake; a serpent of potent venom
क्रुद्धkruddhaenraged; furious; angered
इवivaas; like
श्वसन्śvasanbreathing; hissing; sighing heavily
भृशंbhṛśaṃgreatly; very much
तदाtadāthen; at that time
युद्धंyuddhaṃbattle; combat
धार्तराष्ट्रोdhārtarāṣṭroson of Dhritarashtra; Dhartarashtra
ऽन्वतप्स्यत्'nvatapsyatwill repent; will suffer with remorse; will regret
त्यक्तात्मानःtyaktātmānaḥready to give themselves up; sacrificing themselves; disregarding their lives
पार्थिवायोधनायpārthivāyodhanāyafor battle with kings; for war with earthly lords; for the combat of rulers
समादिष्टाsamādiṣṭācommanded; appointed; having received the order
धर्मराजेनdharmarājenaby Dharmaraja; by the king of Dharma; by Yudhishthira
वीराःvīrāḥheroes; the valiant
रथैःrathaiḥwith chariots; on chariots; with war-cars
शुभ्रैःśubhraiḥbright; white; gleaming
सैन्यम्sainyamarmy; host
अभिद्रवन्तोabhidravantorushing forward; attacking; charging at the foe
दृष्ट्वाdṛṣṭvāhaving seen; having noticed
पश्चात्paścātafterward; behind
तप्स्यतेtapsyatewill repent; will suffer; will regret
धार्तराष्ट्रःdhārtarāṣṭraḥson of Dhritarashtra; Duryodhana
शिशून्śiśūnchildren; youths; boys
कृतास्त्रान्kṛtāstrānskilled in arms; trained in weaponry; expert in battle
अशिशुप्रकाशान्aśiśuprakāśānnot resembling children; appearing grown; young yet formidable
यदाyadāwhen; if
द्रष्टाdraṣṭāwill see; will behold; will witness
कौरवःkauravaḥthe Kaurava; the descendant of Kuru
पञ्चpañcafive; the five
शूरान्śūrānheroes; the brave
त्यक्त्वाtyaktvāhaving abandoned; having cast aside
प्राणान्prāṇāntheir lives; their vital breath
केकयान्kekayānthe Kekayas; the warriors of Kekaya; the princes of Kekaya
आद्रवन्तस्ādravantasattacking; rushing forth; charging forward
तदाtadāthen; at that time
युद्धंyuddhaṃbattle; combat
धार्तराष्ट्रोdhārtarāṣṭroson of Dhritarashtra; Dhartarashtra
ऽन्वतप्स्यत्'nvatapsyatwill repent; will suffer with remorse; will regret
यदाyadāwhen; if
गतोद्वाहम्gatodvāhamwith harness ready; fitted with tackle; with horses yoked
अकूजनाक्षंakūjanākṣaṃwith noiseless axles; not creaking at the axle; running silently
सुवर्णतारंsuvarṇatāraṃwith golden ornaments; gold-starred; adorned with golden plates
रथम्rathama chariot; a war-car; a ratha
आततायीātatāyīthe assailant; the aggressor; the armed foe
दान्तैर्dāntairtamed; broken in; docile
युक्तंyuktaṃfitting; proper
सहदेवोsahadevoSahadeva; son of Madri; the Pandava Sahadeva
ऽधिरूढः'dhirūḍhaḥhaving mounted; having ascended; having taken his seat on the chariot
शिरांसिśirāṃsiheads; three heads
राज्ञांrājñāṃof kings; of rulers
क्षेप्स्यतेkṣepsyatewill hurl; will cast; will bring down
मार्गणौघैःmārgaṇaughaiḥwith streams of arrows; with swarms of arrows; with showers of arrows
महाभयेmahābhayein great danger; amid great fear; in a terrible battle
संप्रवृत्तेsaṃpravṛttehaving begun; having unfolded; having set in
रथस्थंrathasthaṃstanding on the chariot; present in the chariot; the charioteer
विवर्तमानंvivartamānaṃturning about; moving in circles; maneuvering
समरेsamarein battle; in combat
कृतास्त्रम्kṛtāstramskilled in arms; trained in weaponry; expert in battle
सर्वांsarvāṃall; entire
दिशंdiśaṃdirection; quarter
संपतन्तंsaṃpatantaṃswooping down; falling together; rushing
समीक्ष्यsamīkṣyahaving seen; having considered
तदाtadāthen; at that time
युद्धंyuddhaṃbattle; combat
धार्तराष्ट्रोdhārtarāṣṭroson of Dhritarashtra; Dhartarashtra
ऽन्वतप्स्यत्'nvatapsyatwill repent; will suffer with remorse; will regret
This passage (5.47.21–25) develops the central theme of the Udyoga-parva: the effort toward peace unfolds even as war draws inevitably near. Key themes: war, dharma. Dharma reveals itself here through speech, the choice of envoys, fidelity to one's word, and the responsibility kings bear for the consequences of their decisions.