Mahabharata
Prajāgara (036) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's Night of Anxiety, Chapters 33–40)5.36.16-20
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Mahabharata · 5.36.16-20
Devanāgarī

भावम् इच्छति सर्वस्य नाभावे कुरुते मतिम् ॥
सत्यवादी मृदुर् दान्तो यः स उत्तमपूरुषः ॥
नानर्थकं सान्त्वयति प्रतिज्ञाय ददाति च ॥
राद्धापराद्धे जानाति यः स मध्यमपूरुषः ॥
दुःशासनस् तूपहन्ता न शास्ता; नावर्तते मन्युवशात् कृतघ्नः ॥
न कस्य चिन् मित्रम् अथो दुरात्मा; कलाश् चैता अधमस्येह पुंसः ॥
न श्रद्दधाति कल्याणं परेभ्यो ऽप्य् आत्मशङ्कितः ॥
निराकरोति मित्राणि यो वै सो ऽधमपूरुषः ॥
उत्तमान् एव सेवेत प्राप्ते काले तु मध्यमान् ॥
अधमांस् तु न सेवेत य इच्छेच् छ्रेय आत्मनः ॥

Transliteration (IAST)

bhāvam icchati sarvasya nābhāve kurute matim ||
satyavādī mṛdur dānto yaḥ sa uttamapūruṣaḥ ||
nānarthakaṃ sāntvayati pratijñāya dadāti ca ||
rāddhāparāddhe jānāti yaḥ sa madhyamapūruṣaḥ ||
duḥśāsanas tūpahantā na śāstā; nāvartate manyuvaśāt kṛtaghnaḥ ||
na kasya cin mitram atho durātmā; kalāś caitā adhamasyeha puṃsaḥ ||
na śraddadhāti kalyāṇaṃ parebhyo 'py ātmaśaṅkitaḥ ||
nirākaroti mitrāṇi yo vai so 'dhamapūruṣaḥ ||
uttamān eva seveta prāpte kāle tu madhyamān ||
adhamāṃs tu na seveta ya icchec chreya ātmanaḥ ||

Word-by-word
SanskritIASTMeaning
भावम्bhāvamwelfare; state of being
इच्छतिicchatidesires; wishes
सर्वस्यsarvasyaof all; of the whole world
नाभावेnābhāvenot toward ill-being; not toward destruction
कुरुतेkurutemakes; directs
मतिम्matimthought; intention
सत्यवादीsatyavādīspeaking truth; truthful
मृदुर्mṛdurgentle; mild
दान्तोdāntoself-restrained; self-controlled
यःyaḥwho; whoever
sahe; this one
उत्तमपूरुषःuttamapūruṣaḥthe highest man; the best of men
नानर्थकंnānarthakaṃnot in vain; not for a worthless end
सान्त्वयतिsāntvayaticonsoles; pacifies
प्रतिज्ञायpratijñāyahaving promised; having vowed
ददातिdadātigives; grants
caand; also
राद्धापराद्धेrāddhāparāddhesuccess and fault; success and transgression
जानातिjānātiknows; understands
यःyaḥwho; whoever
sahe; this one
मध्यमपूरुषःmadhyamapūruṣaḥthe middling man; a man of the middle rank
दुःशासनस्duḥśāsanasDuhshasana; Duhshasana, son of Dhritarashtra
तूपहन्ताtūpahantābut injurious; harmful
nanot; no
शास्ताśāstāa chastiser; a punisher
नावर्ततेnāvartatedoes not turn back; does not desist
मन्युवशात्manyuvaśātunder the sway of anger; because of irritation
कृतघ्नःkṛtaghnaḥungrateful; forgetful of kindness
nanot; no
कस्यkasyaof anyone; for what reason
चिन्cinany; anything at all
मित्रम्mitrama friend; an ally
अथोathoand then; and also
दुरात्माdurātmāevil-souled; wicked-natured
कलाश्kalāśtraits; marks
चैताcaitāand these; these indeed
अधमस्येहadhamasyehaof the lowest in this world; of the base man in this life
पुंसःpuṃsaḥof a man; of a person
nanot; no
श्रद्दधातिśraddadhātibelieves; trusts
कल्याणंkalyāṇaṃgood; benefit
परेभ्योparebhyofrom others; from strangers
ऽप्य्'pyalso; even
आत्मशङ्कितःātmaśaṅkitaḥsuspicious of himself; doubting himself
निराकरोतिnirākarotipushes away; rejects
मित्राणिmitrāṇifriends; allies
योyowho; the one who
वैvaiindeed; verily
सोsothat one; he
ऽधमपूरुषः'dhamapūruṣaḥthe lowest man; the worst of men
उत्तमान्uttamānthe best; the highest
एवevaindeed; just
सेवेतsevetalet him attend upon; one should seek the company of
प्राप्तेprāptewhen it has arrived; at the appointed
कालेkāletime; occasion
तुtuindeed; but
मध्यमान्madhyamānthe middling; those of the middle rank
अधमांस्adhamāṃsthe lowest; the worst
तुtuindeed; but
nanot; no
सेवेतsevetalet him attend upon; one should seek the company of
yawho; those who
इच्छेच्icchecwould wish; would desire
छ्रेयchreyabetter; good
आत्मनःātmanaḥfor himself; his own
Translation

Such a man neither conquers others nor is conquered by others. He never harms others nor opposes them. He is untroubled by either praise or blame. He does not grieve, nor is he elated in joy. That man is regarded as the first of his kind who desires the prosperity of all and never dwells in his heart on the suffering of others, who is truthful in speech, humble in conduct, and holds all his passions in check. A man is deemed middling in goodness if he never consoles others by speaking falsehood, who gives while making promises, and who observes the weaknesses of others. But these are the marks of a bad man: an inability to control himself; a readiness to court danger; a tendency to yield to anger; ingratitude; an incapacity to be a true friend to another; and malice of heart. The lowest of men is also he who is displeased by any good that may come to him from others, who regards himself with suspicion, and who drives away from himself all his true friends.

Version

a23e55623bc9 · published Jul 17, 2026, 4:02:44 AM UTC

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