SanskritIASTMeaning
यदाyadāwhen; if
रथंrathaṃa chariot; a car
हेममणिप्रकाशंhemamaṇiprakāśaṃradiant with gold and jewels; gleaming with golden gems; with the sheen of gold and precious stones
श्वेताश्वयुक्तंśvetāśvayuktaṃyoked with white horses; with white steeds; with a bright team
वानरकेतुम्vānaraketumwith the banner of the monkey; with the ape standard; bearing the sign of Hanuman
उग्रम्ugramfierce; blazing
द्रष्टाdraṣṭāwill see; will behold; will witness
रणेraṇein battle; in combat
संयतंsaṃyataṃcontrolled; restrained; reined in
केशवेनkeśavenaby Keshava; by Krishna
तदाtadāthen; at that time
तप्स्यत्य्tapsyatywill repent; will suffer; will regret
अकृतात्माakṛtātmāunrestrained; impure of soul; not master of himself
सsahe; this one
मन्दःmandaḥfoolish; slow of mind
यदाyadāwhen; if
मौर्व्यास्maurvyāsof the murva-string; of the bowstring; of the sturdy string
तलनिष्पेषम्talaniṣpeṣamthe slap of the palm; the strike of the string upon the palm; the sharp crack
उग्रंugraṃdreadful; fierce; terrible
महाशब्दंmahāśabdaṃa great sound; a loud roar; a mighty noise
वज्रनिष्पेषतुल्यम्vajraniṣpeṣatulyamlike the crash of the thunderbolt; equal to the roar of lightning; resembling the clap of thunder
विधूयमानस्यvidhūyamānasyabeing shaken; being brandished; being set in motion
महारणेmahāraṇein the great battle; on the great battlefield; in the vast combat
मयाmayāby me; by myself
गाण्डीवस्यgāṇḍīvasyaof Gandiva; of the bow Gandiva; of Arjuna's bow
श्रोष्यतिśroṣyatiwill hear; will listen; will heed
मन्दबुद्धिःmandabuddhiḥdull-witted; dim-witted; unwise
तदाtadāthen; at that time
मूढोmūḍhofool; the deluded one
धृतराष्ट्रस्यdhṛtarāṣṭrasyaof Dhritarashtra; of King Dhritarashtra
पुत्रस्putrasson; descendant; heir
तप्ताtaptāwill suffer; will be scorched; will be afflicted
युद्धेyuddhein battle; in combat
दुर्मतिर्durmatirevil-minded; ill-thinking; unwise
दुःसहायःduḥsahāyaḥwith poor allies; with weak support; having ruinous companions
दृष्ट्वाdṛṣṭvāhaving seen; having noticed
सैन्यंsainyaṃarmy; host
बाणवर्षान्धकारंbāṇavarṣāndhakāraṃdarkened by the rain of arrows; enveloped in arrows; obscured by a shower of arrows
प्रभज्यन्तंprabhajyantaṃbreaking apart; scattering; fleeing in disarray
गोकुलवद्gokulavadlike a herd of cows; like a cattle-drove; like a cow-pen
रणाग्रेraṇāgreat the forefront of battle; at the start of combat; at the head of the field
बलाहकाद्balāhakādfrom a cloud; from a storm-cloud; from a thundercloud
उच्चरन्तीवuccarantīvaas if bursting forth; as if issuing; as if flashing
विद्युत्vidyutlightning; a flash; an electric gleam
सहस्रघ्नीsahasraghnīslaying thousands; destructive of thousands; killing multitudes
द्विषतांdviṣatāṃof the enemies; of the hostile ones
संगमेषुsaṃgameṣuin the clashes; in the battles; at the collisions
अस्थिच्छिदोasthicchidobone-cleaving; bone-breaking; bone-shattering
मर्मभिदोmarmabhidopiercing vital spots; striking vulnerable points; piercing the joints
वमेच्vamecwould disgorge; would release; would hurl
छरांस्charāṃsarrows; flying arrows; missiles
तदाtadāthen; at that time
युद्धंyuddhaṃbattle; combat
धार्तराष्ट्रोdhārtarāṣṭroson of Dhritarashtra; Dhartarashtra
ऽन्वतप्स्यत्'nvatapsyatwill repent; will suffer with remorse; will regret
यदाyadāwhen; if
द्रष्टाdraṣṭāwill see; will behold; will witness
ज्यामुखाद्jyāmukhādfrom the mouth of the bowstring; from the string; from the bow
बाणसंघान्bāṇasaṃghānswarms of arrows; masses of arrows; clusters of arrows
गाण्डीवमुक्तान्gāṇḍīvamuktānshot from Gandiva; loosed by the bow Gandiva
पततःpatataḥfalling; flying down; crashing down
शिताग्रान्śitāgrānsharp-pointed; keen-edged; with sharpened tips
नागान्nāgānelephants; serpents; mighty creatures
हयान्hayānhorses; steeds; coursers
वर्मिणश्varmiṇaśclad in mail; armored; wearing breastplates
चाददानांस्cādadānāṃsand seizing; and grasping; and carrying off
तदाtadāthen; at that time
युद्धंyuddhaṃbattle; combat
धार्तराष्ट्रोdhārtarāṣṭroson of Dhritarashtra; Dhartarashtra
ऽन्वतप्स्यत्'nvatapsyatwill repent; will suffer with remorse; will regret
This passage (5.47.46–50) develops the central theme of the Udyoga-parva: the effort toward peace unfolds even as war draws inevitably near. Key themes: Dhritarashtra, war. Dharma reveals itself here through speech, the choice of envoys, fidelity to one's word, and the responsibility kings bear for the consequences of their decisions.