Mahābhārata
Sanatsujāta (042) (The Teaching of Sanatsujāta, Chapters 41–45)5.42.11-15
4298 / 15823
Mahābhārata · 5.42.11-15
Devanāgarī

तमो ऽप्रकाशो भूतानां नरको ऽयं प्रदृश्यते ॥
गृह्यन्त इव धावन्ति गच्छन्तः श्वभ्रम् उन्मुखाः ॥
अभिध्या वै प्रथमं हन्ति चैनं; कामक्रोधौ गृह्य चैनं तु पश्चात् ॥
एते बालान् मृत्यवे प्रापयन्ति; धीरास् तु धैर्येण तरन्ति मृत्युम् ॥
अमन्यमानः क्षत्रिय किं चिद् अन्यन्; नाधीयते तार्ण इवास्य व्याघ्रः ॥
क्रोधाल् लोभान् मोहमयान्तरात्मा; स वै मृत्युस् त्वच् छरीरे य एषः ॥
एवं मृत्युं जायमानं विदित्वा; ज्ञाने तिष्ठन् न बिभेतीह मृत्योः ॥
विनश्यते विषये तस्य मृत्युर्; मृत्योर् यथा विषयं प्राप्य मर्त्यः ॥
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच
ये ऽस्मिन् धर्मान् नाचरन्तीह के चित्; तथा धर्मान् के चिद् इहाचरन्ति ॥
धर्मः पापेन प्रतिहन्यते स्म; उताहो धर्मः प्रतिहन्ति पापम् ॥

Transliteración (IAST)

tamo 'prakāśo bhūtānāṃ narako 'yaṃ pradṛśyate ||
gṛhyanta iva dhāvanti gacchantaḥ śvabhram unmukhāḥ ||
abhidhyā vai prathamaṃ hanti cainaṃ; kāmakrodhau gṛhya cainaṃ tu paścāt ||
ete bālān mṛtyave prāpayanti; dhīrās tu dhairyeṇa taranti mṛtyum ||
amanyamānaḥ kṣatriya kiṃ cid anyan; nādhīyate tārṇa ivāsya vyāghraḥ ||
krodhāl lobhān mohamayāntarātmā; sa vai mṛtyus tvac charīre ya eṣaḥ ||
evaṃ mṛtyuṃ jāyamānaṃ viditvā; jñāne tiṣṭhan na bibhetīha mṛtyoḥ ||
vinaśyate viṣaye tasya mṛtyur; mṛtyor yathā viṣayaṃ prāpya martyaḥ ||
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca
ye 'smin dharmān nācarantīha ke cit; tathā dharmān ke cid ihācaranti ||
dharmaḥ pāpena pratihanyate sma; utāho dharmaḥ pratihanti pāpam ||

Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
तमोtamodarkness; gloom
ऽप्रकाशो'prakāśoobscurity; absence of light
भूतानांbhūtānāṃamong beings; of all creatures
नरकोnarakohell; the darkness of hell
ऽयं'yaṃthis; it
प्रदृश्यतेpradṛśyateis seen; appears
गृह्यन्तgṛhyantaseized; as if held fast
इवivaas; as if
धावन्तिdhāvantirun; rush
गच्छन्तःgacchantaḥgoing; moving
श्वभ्रम्śvabhramthe abyss; the pit
उन्मुखाःunmukhāḥfacing; directed
अभिध्याabhidhyācovetous thought; greedy desire
वैvaiindeed; truly
प्रथमंprathamaṃfirst; at the outset
हन्तिhantikills; strikes
चैनंcainaṃand him; and this one
कामक्रोधौkāmakrodhaudesire and anger; passion and wrath
गृह्यgṛhyahaving seized; having gathered
चैनंcainaṃand him; and this one
तुtuthen; but
पश्चात्paścātafterward; behind
एतेetethese; they
बालान्bālānchildren; the young
मृत्यवेmṛtyaveto death; into the power of death
प्रापयन्तिprāpayantilead; bring
धीरास्dhīrāsthe wise; the steadfast
तुtubut; however
धैर्येणdhairyeṇathrough steadfastness; through patient firmness
तरन्तिtaranticross over; overcome
मृत्युम्mṛtyumdeath; destruction
अमन्यमानःamanyamānaḥnot regarding; not honoring
क्षत्रियkṣatriyaO kshatriya; O warrior
किंkiṃwhat; whatever
चिद्cid-ever; any
अन्यन्anyanother; different
नाधीयतेnādhīyatedoes not study; does not recite the Veda
तार्णtārṇamade of straw; made of grass
इवास्यivāsyaas if his; as his
व्याघ्रःvyāghraḥtiger; predator
क्रोधाल्krodhālout of anger; because of wrath
लोभान्lobhānout of greed; because of avarice
मोहमयान्तरात्माmohamayāntarātmāwhose inner soul is full of delusion; bewildered within
sahe; this one
वैvaiindeed; truly
मृत्युस्mṛtyusdeath; dying
त्वच्tvacyour; yours
छरीरेcharīrein the body; in this body
yawho; those who
एषःeṣaḥthis; he
एवंevaṃthus; in this way
मृत्युंmṛtyuṃdeath; dying
जायमानंjāyamānaṃbeing born; arising
विदित्वाviditvāhaving known; having understood
ज्ञानेjñānein my opinion; in my understanding
तिष्ठन्tiṣṭhanstanding; abiding
nanot; no
बिभेतीहbibhetīhafears here; dreads in this world
मृत्योःmṛtyoḥdeath; before death
विनश्यतेvinaśyateperishes; vanishes
विषयेviṣayein the object; in the sphere of the senses
तस्यtasyahis; of that one
मृत्युर्mṛtyurdeath; Mrityu
मृत्योर्mṛtyorof death; from death
यथाyathāas; in what way
विषयंviṣayaṃthe object; the sphere
प्राप्यprāpyahaving obtained; having attained
मर्त्यःmartyaḥthe mortal; a man
धृतराष्ट्रdhṛtarāṣṭraDhritarashtra; King Dhritarashtra
उवाचuvācasaid; spoke
येyewho; those who
ऽस्मिन्'sminin this; in this present
धर्मान्dharmāndharmas; laws
नाचरन्तीहnācarantīhado not practice here; do not observe in this world
केkewho; what people
चित्cit-ever; any
तथाtathālikewise; in this way
धर्मान्dharmāndharmas; laws
केkewho; what people
चिद्cid-ever; any
इहाचरन्तिihācarantipractice here; observe in this world
धर्मःdharmaḥdharma; righteousness
पापेनpāpenaby evil; by a wicked deed
प्रतिहन्यतेpratihanyateis struck down; is destroyed
स्मsmaindeed; truly
उताहोutāhoor else; or perhaps
धर्मःdharmaḥdharma; righteousness
प्रतिहन्तिpratihantistrikes down; destroys
पापम्pāpamevil; a wicked deed; an unrighteous act
Traducción

What can death do to a man whose soul has not been troubled or led into delusion by desire? For him death holds no more terror than a tiger made of straw. Therefore, O kshatriya, if desire — which is ignorance — is to be destroyed in its very existence, then no desire, however slight, should be entertained or pursued. That soul which dwells in your body, bound up with anger and greed and filled with ignorance, is itself death. Knowing that death arises in this way, one who relies on knowledge does not fear death. Indeed, just as the body is destroyed when it falls under the sway of death, so death itself is destroyed when it falls under the sway of knowledge.' Dhritarashtra said: 'The Vedas proclaim the liberating power of those most sacred and eternal realms which, it is said, can be attained by the twice-born through prayers and sacrifices. Knowing this, why should not a learned man resort to (religious) works?' 3 Sanatsujata said: 'Truly, one who does not know follows the path you have indicated, and the Vedas likewise declare that there is both bliss and liberation there. But one who regards the material body as the self will, if he succeeds in abandoning desire, attain liberation (or Brahman) at once. Yet if someone seeks liberation without abandoning desire, he will have to follow the (prescribed) path of action, striving to destroy the chances of his returning by the paths he has once traveled.' 4 Dhritarashtra said: 'Who is this who invokes the Unborn and Ancient One? If, again, He Himself is this entire universe by virtue of having entered into all things (without desire, as He is), then what can His actions or His happiness be?

Versión

456fd0e5187b · publicado 17 jul 2026, 4:31:17 UTC

Disponible enRUEN

Pasa de verso en verso con