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उपनिषद् · Śāṭyāyanīya 31
॥
देवनागरी
त्रिंशत्परास्त्रिंशदपरांस्त्रिंशच्च परतः परान् । उत्तरयति धर्मिष्ठः परिव्राडिति वै श्रुतिः
लिप्यंतरण (IAST)
triṃśatparāstriṃśadaparāṃstriṃśacca parataḥ parān | uttarayati dharmiṣṭhaḥ parivrāḍiti vai śrutiḥ
शब्दशः अर्थ
संस्कृतIASTअर्थ
त्रिंशत् परान्triṃśat parānthirty after
त्रिंशत् अपरान्triṃśat aparānthirty before
त्रिंशत् च परतः परान्triṃśat ca parataḥ parānand thirty beyond them
उत्तरयति धर्मिष्ठःuttarayati dharmiṣṭhaḥthe most righteous wanderer ferries across
परिव्राट् इति वै श्रुतिःparivrāṭ iti vai śrutiḥsuch, indeed, is the hearing [tradition]
अनुवाद
"Thirty after, thirty before, and thirty beyond them — the most righteous wanderer ferries across; such, indeed, is the hearing [tradition]."
संस्करण
8ccc9a03f3a4 · प्रकाशित 12 अग॰ 2026, 5:00:00 am UTC
उपलब्ध भाषाएँRUENश्लोक बदलें इन कुंजियों से
The count is given a second time, and differently: there a hundred and three hundred, here three times thirty. It is worth noting this discrepancy and saying plainly: the numbers in such promises do not agree with one another, and they should not be made to agree. They are an indication of weight, not a measure; the same was said when reading the twenty-seventh verse.
Let us add the word uttarayati, "ferries across," from ut-tṝ, "to cross over, to ferry across water." From the same root come tīrtha, "a ford, a holy place," and tāraka, "one who ferries across." The image of water and crossing is the chief image of salvation in this literature, and it was discussed when reading the Jābāla-darśana (6.38): saṃsāra is bhava-sāgara, "the ocean of existence," and a boat is needed.
It is worth noting that the verb here is transitive: not "crosses over" but "ferries across." That is, the accomplished one is called not a passenger but a ferryman. The Vaiṣṇava side holds precisely this as her definition: her accomplished one is one who takes others with him; and that even the ātmārāma steps out of his own garden was discussed when reading the Varāha (4.8).
Let us add what follows from this for self-examination, for the test here is simple: if a person, as he walks, draws no one after him, then, by this reckoning, he is not yet walking, but only settling in.