奥义书 · Jābāla 10
॥
天城文
तत्र परमहंसा नाम संवर्तकारुणिश्वेतकेतुदुर्वासऋभुनिदाघजडभरतदत्तात्रेयरैवतकप्रभृतयोऽव्यक्तलिङ्गा अव्यक्ताचारा अनुन्मत्ता उन्मत्तवदाचरन्तः
转写 (IAST)
tatra paramahaṃsā nāma saṃvartakāruṇiśvetaketudurvāsaṛbhunidāghajaḍabharatadattātreyaraivatakaprabhṛtayo'vyaktaliṅgā avyaktācārā anunmattā unmattavadācarantaḥ
逐字释义
梵语IAST释义
तत्र परमहंसाः नामtatra paramahaṃsāḥ nāmathere — those called paramahaṃsas; here the ones named paramahaṃsas
संवर्तक आरुणि श्वेतकेतुsaṃvartaka āruṇi śvetaketuSaṃvartaka, Āruṇi, Śvetaketu; Saṃvartaka, Āruṇi, Śvetaketu
दुर्वासः ऋभु निदाघdurvāsaḥ ṛbhu nidāghaDurvāsas, Ṛbhu, Nidāgha; Durvāsas, Ṛbhu, Nidāgha
जडभरत दत्तात्रेय रैवतकjaḍabharata dattātreya raivatakaJaḍabharata, Dattātreya, Raivataka; Jaḍabharata, Dattātreya, Raivataka
प्रभृतयःprabhṛtayaḥand the rest; and others
अव्यक्तलिङ्गाः अव्यक्ताचाराःavyaktaliṅgāḥ avyaktācārāḥwith unmanifest marks, with unmanifest conduct; whose signs and ways are indistinguishable
अनुन्मत्ताः उन्मत्तवत् आचरन्तःanunmattāḥ unmattavat ācarantaḥnot mad, behaving as if mad; not insane, yet acting like madmen
译文
There — those called paramahaṃsas: Saṃvartaka, Āruṇi, Śvetaketu, Durvāsas, Ṛbhu, Nidāgha, Jaḍabharata, Dattātreya, Raivataka and the rest — with unmanifest marks, with unmanifest conduct, not mad, but behaving as if mad.
版本
1e9f3e7ab1d8 · 发布于 2026年7月29日 02:53:35 UTC
可用语言RUEN用方向键翻颂
Named here, one by one, are those whom tradition remembers as paramahaṃsas — “supreme swans”.
The list repays reading. Āruṇi and Śvetaketu are the father and son of the Chāndogya, the very ones to whom “that thou art” was spoken. Durvāsas is the hot-tempered sage whose curse drives half the purāṇic plots. Jaḍabharata is the king who became a deer, was then born mute, and let himself be taken for a simpleton. Dattātreya is he who, by the Bhāgavata, had twenty-four teachers — all of them animals and elements.
These men resemble one another in nothing, except one thing: they could not be identified.
And that is said in two words: avyakta-liṅga — “with unmanifest marks” — and avyaktācāra, “with unmanifest conduct”.
Liṅga here means “the badge, the sign of estate and order”: staff, thread, dress. In them it cannot be made out.
And the last, most famous phrase: anunmattā unmattavad ācarantaḥ — “not mad, but behaving as if mad”.
The wording is exact. It is not said that they are mad; it is said that from outside one cannot tell.
Herein lies the sense of concealment. He who has ceased to hold a place in the world ceases also to give the world signs of himself; and the world, finding no signs, will call him a madman and leave him in peace.