奥义书 · Bhāvanā p19
॥
天城文
तेन मनुष्याणां मोहको दाहको भक्ष्यभोज्यशोष्यलेह्यपेयात्मकं चतुर्विधमन्नं पाचयति
转写 (IAST)
tena manuṣyāṇāṃ mohako dāhako bhakṣyabhojyaśoṣyalehyapeyātmakaṃ caturvidhamannaṃ pācayati
逐字释义
梵语IAST释义
तेन मनुष्याणां मोहकः दाहकःtena manuṣyāṇāṃ mohakaḥ dāhakaḥhence, in people, the darkening and burning [fire]
भक्ष्य-भोज्य-शोष्य-लेह्य-पेय-आत्मकंbhakṣya-bhojya-śoṣya-lehya-peya-ātmakaṃfood consisting of the chewable, edible, absorbable, lickable, and drinkable
चतुर्-विधम् अन्नं पाचयतिcatur-vidham annaṃ pācayatidigests the fourfold food
译文
Hence, in people, the darkening and burning [fire] digests the fourfold food — the chewable, edible, absorbable, lickable, and drinkable.
版本
98b073105e3d · 发布于 2026年8月12日 05:00:00 UTC
可用语言RUEN用方向键翻颂
Food is mapped by manner of intake: what is chewed, what is eaten with a spoon, what is sucked, what is licked, what is drunk. This mapping is ordinary and constant in ancient books: bhakṣya — what is chewed (flatbread, a nut); bhojya — what is eaten as a cooked dish; lehya — what is licked (honey, condensed milk); coṣya — what is sucked out (fruit, sugarcane); peya — drink. It is worth noting that the count is called fourfold food, though five are listed; this discrepancy is common in manuscripts and no great matter.
What is curious is something else: the Gītā speaks in these same words, in the verse cited above — catur-vidham annam, "fourfold food" (15.14). That is, before us is not a coincidence of thought but a direct borrowing of the phrase; and this śākta book, describing digestion, speaks in the Gītā's words. The Vaiṣṇava side treats food itself with an attention that seems excessive from outside, and the reason for it was already named when reading the Kāṭharudra (17): the body is composed of what is eaten. Let us add only what pertains to this line. Since food is distinguished by manner of intake, the offering too is distinguished: in the temple both the chewable and the drinkable and the lickable are offered; and this is done not for the completeness of the rite, but because a guest is served a variety.