Mahabharata
Prajāgara (033) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's Night of Anxiety, Chapters 33–40)5.33.36-40
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Mahabharata · 5.33.36-40
Devanāgarī

परं क्षिपति दोषेण वर्तमानः स्वयं तथा ॥
यश् च क्रुध्यत्य् अनीशः सन् स च मूढतमो नरः ॥
आत्मनो बलम् अज्ञाय धर्मार्थपरिवर्जितम् ॥
अलभ्यम् इच्छन् नैष्कर्म्यान् मूढबुद्धिर् इहोच्यते ॥
अशिष्यं शास्ति यो राजन् यश् च शून्यम् उपासते ॥
कदर्यं भजते यश् च तम् आहुर् मूढचेतसम् ॥
अर्थं महान्तम् आसाद्य विद्याम् ऐश्वर्यम् एव वा ॥
विचरत्य् असमुन्नद्धो यः स पण्डित उच्यते ॥
एकः संपन्नम् अश्नाति वस् ते वासश् च शोभनम् ॥
यो ऽसंविभज्य भृत्येभ्यः को नृशंसतरस् ततः ॥

Transliteration (IAST)

paraṃ kṣipati doṣeṇa vartamānaḥ svayaṃ tathā ||
yaś ca krudhyaty anīśaḥ san sa ca mūḍhatamo naraḥ ||
ātmano balam ajñāya dharmārthaparivarjitam ||
alabhyam icchan naiṣkarmyān mūḍhabuddhir ihocyate ||
aśiṣyaṃ śāsti yo rājan yaś ca śūnyam upāsate ||
kadaryaṃ bhajate yaś ca tam āhur mūḍhacetasam ||
arthaṃ mahāntam āsādya vidyām aiśvaryam eva vā ||
vicaraty asamunnaddho yaḥ sa paṇḍita ucyate ||
ekaḥ saṃpannam aśnāti vas te vāsaś ca śobhanam ||
yo 'saṃvibhajya bhṛtyebhyaḥ ko nṛśaṃsataras tataḥ ||

Word-by-word
SanskritIASTMeaning
परंparaṃhighest; best
क्षिपतिkṣipatiaccuses; casts blame
दोषेणdoṣeṇathrough fault; through blame
वर्तमानःvartamānaḥhimself abiding; being
स्वयंsvayaṃhimself; on his own
तथाtathāthus; in this way
यश्yaśwho; the one who
caand; also
क्रुध्यत्य्krudhyatygrows angry; becomes wrathful
अनीशःanīśaḥpowerless; lacking authority
सन्sanbeing; existing as
sahe; this one
caand; also
मूढतमोmūḍhatamomost deluded; utterly confused
नरःnaraḥman; person
आत्मनोātmanoone's own; self's
बलम्balamstrength; power
अज्ञायajñāyanot knowing; not having recognized
धर्मार्थपरिवर्जितम्dharmārthaparivarjitamdevoid of duty and gain; lacking dharma and benefit
अलभ्यम्alabhyamunattainable; unobtainable
इच्छन्icchandesiring; seeking
नैष्कर्म्यान्naiṣkarmyānby inaction; through effortlessness
मूढबुद्धिर्mūḍhabuddhirdeluded of intellect; with confused mind
इहोच्यतेihocyateso is called; is thus named
अशिष्यंaśiṣyaṃan unworthy pupil; an unfit student
शास्तिśāstiteaches; instructs
योyowho; the one who
राजन्rājanO king; O earthly lord
यश्yaśwho; the one who
caand; also
शून्यम्śūnyamemptiness; an empty place
उपासतेupāsatehonors; serves
कदर्यंkadaryaṃa miser; a wretched man
भजतेbhajateturns to; takes up
यश्yaśwho; the one who
caand; also
तम्tamthat one; him precisely
आहुर्āhurthey say; they call
मूढचेतसम्mūḍhacetasamdeluded in mind; confused in intellect
अर्थंarthaṃmatter; advantage
महान्तम्mahāntamgreat; large
आसाद्यāsādyahaving attained; having awaited
विद्याम्vidyāmknowledge; learning
ऐश्वर्यम्aiśvaryamdominion; power
एवevaindeed; precisely
वाor; or else
विचरत्य्vicaratymoves about; conducts himself
असमुन्नद्धोasamunnaddhowithout arrogance; not haughty
यःyaḥwhich; what
sahe; this one
पण्डितpaṇḍitaa wise man; a sensible person
उच्यतेucyateis called; is named
एकःekaḥalone; by himself
संपन्नम्saṃpannamabundance; complete plenty
अश्नातिaśnātieats; consumes
वस्vasyour; for you
तेtethey; those
वासश्vāsaśgarment; covering
caand; also
शोभनम्śobhanamfine; good
योyowho; the one who
ऽसंविभज्य'saṃvibhajyawithout sharing; without having divided
भृत्येभ्यःbhṛtyebhyaḥwith servants; with dependents
कोkowho; which
नृशंसतरस्nṛśaṃsatarasmore cruel; more heartless
ततःtataḥthen; after this
Translation

By distinguishing two through one, subdue three through four, and, mastering five, knowing six, and forsaking seven, be happy. Poison kills only one man, and a weapon likewise only one; but evil counsel destroys an entire kingdom together with its king and subjects. In solitude one should neither partake of savory food, nor ponder over gain, nor set out on a journey, nor keep watch while one's companions sleep. That Being who is One without a second, and whom, O king, you have failed to comprehend, is the Self of Truth and the path to heaven, like a boat upon the ocean. There is but one flaw in the forgiveness of men, and no other: this flaw is that people take the forgiving man for weak. Yet this flaw should not be taken into account, since forgiveness is a great strength. Forgiveness is the virtue of the weak and the ornament of the strong. Forgiveness subdues all things in this world; what can forgiveness not achieve? What can a wicked man do to one who carries in hand the sword of forgiveness?

Version

bd36f3766b11 · published Jul 17, 2026, 4:02:44 AM UTC

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