Mahabharata
Prajāgara (033) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's Night of Anxiety, Chapters 33–40)5.33.46-50
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Mahabharata · 5.33.46-50
Devanāgarī

एकम् एवाद्वितीयं तद् यद् राजन् नावबुध्यसे ॥
सत्यं स्वर्गस्य सोपानं पारावारस्य नौर् इव ॥
एकः क्षमावतां दोषो द्वितीयो नोपलभ्यते ॥
यद् एनं क्षमया युक्तम् अशक्तं मन्यते जनः ॥
एको धर्मः परं श्रेयः क्षमैका शान्तिर् उत्तमा ॥
विद्यैका परमा दृष्टिर् अहिंसैका सुखावहा ॥
द्वाव् इमौ ग्रसते भूमिः सर्पो बिलशयान् इव ॥
राजानं चाविरोद्धारं ब्राह्मणं चाप्रवासिनम् ॥
द्वे कर्मणी नरः कुर्वन्न् अस्मिंल् लोके विरोचते ॥
अब्रुवन् परुषं किं चिद् असतो नार्थयंस् तथा ॥

Transliteration (IAST)

ekam evādvitīyaṃ tad yad rājan nāvabudhyase ||
satyaṃ svargasya sopānaṃ pārāvārasya naur iva ||
ekaḥ kṣamāvatāṃ doṣo dvitīyo nopalabhyate ||
yad enaṃ kṣamayā yuktam aśaktaṃ manyate janaḥ ||
eko dharmaḥ paraṃ śreyaḥ kṣamaikā śāntir uttamā ||
vidyaikā paramā dṛṣṭir ahiṃsaikā sukhāvahā ||
dvāv imau grasate bhūmiḥ sarpo bilaśayān iva ||
rājānaṃ cāviroddhāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ cāpravāsinam ||
dve karmaṇī naraḥ kurvann asmiṃl loke virocate ||
abruvan paruṣaṃ kiṃ cid asato nārthayaṃs tathā ||

Word-by-word
SanskritIASTMeaning
एकम्ekamone; a single
एवाद्वितीयंevādvitīyaṃprecisely without a second; one without a second
तद्tadthat; this
यद्yadwhich; what
राजन्rājanO king; O earthly lord
नावबुध्यसेnāvabudhyaseyou do not understand; you do not perceive
सत्यंsatyaṃby truth; by veracity
स्वर्गस्यsvargasyaof heaven; of svarga
सोपानंsopānaṃa staircase; a step
पारावारस्यpārāvārasyaacross the far and near shore; across the ocean
नौर्naura boat; a vessel
इवivalike; as if
एकःekaḥone; alone
क्षमावतांkṣamāvatāṃamong the forgiving; among the patient
दोषोdoṣoa fault; a flaw
द्वितीयोdvitīyoa second; another
नोपलभ्यतेnopalabhyateis not found; is not discovered
यद्yadthat; which
एनंenaṃhim; this one
क्षमयाkṣamayāby forgiveness; by patience
युक्तम्yuktamendowed; joined
अशक्तंaśaktaṃas powerless; as incapable
मन्यतेmanyateconsiders; deems
जनःjanaḥpeople; a person
एकोekoone; single
धर्मःdharmaḥdharma; righteousness
परंparaṃhighest; best
श्रेयःśreyaḥgood; the best
क्षमैकाkṣamaikāforgiveness alone; patience alone
शान्तिर्śāntirpeace; calm
उत्तमाuttamāhighest; best
विद्यैकाvidyaikāknowledge alone; the single knowledge
परमाparamāhighest; excellent
दृष्टिर्dṛṣṭirvision; sight
अहिंसैकाahiṃsaikānonviolence alone; the single harmlessness
सुखावहाsukhāvahābringing happiness; bearing good
द्वाव्dvāvtwo; a pair
इमौimauthese two; just these
ग्रसतेgrasatedevours; swallows
भूमिःbhūmiḥthe earthly world; the ground
सर्पोsarpoas a serpent; a serpent
बिलशयान्bilaśayāndwelling in a burrow; lying in a hole
इवivalike; as if
राजानंrājānaṃthe king; the ruler
चाविरोद्धारंcāviroddhāraṃand the one who does not resist; and one who does not oppose
ब्राह्मणंbrāhmaṇaṃthe brahmin; the priest
चाप्रवासिनम्cāpravāsinamand the one who does not go abroad; and one who does not live afar
द्वेdvetwo; a pair
कर्मणीkarmaṇīdeeds; acts
नरःnaraḥa man; a person
कुर्वन्न्kurvanndoing; performing
अस्मिंल्asmiṃlin this; in this very
लोकेlokeworld; among people
विरोचतेvirocateshines; stands out
अब्रुवन्abruvanthey said; they spoke
परुषंparuṣaṃharsh; coarse
किंkiṃwhat; which
चिद्cidindeed; of any sort
असतोasatoof the wicked; of the unrighteous
नार्थयंस्nārthayaṃsnot asking; not begging
तथाtathāthus; in this way
Translation

These two, O king, dwell as it were in a realm higher than heaven itself: the man of power endowed with forgiveness, and the poor man who shows mercy. Among things rightly acquired, these two should be reckoned as misuse: giving to the unworthy, and refusing the worthy. These two should be cast into the water with weights firmly bound to their necks: the wealthy man who does not give, and the poor man who is proud. These two, O tiger among men, could pierce the very orb of the sun: the beggar who has attained perfection in yoga, and the warrior who has fallen in open battle. O bull of the Bharata race, men versed in the Vedas have said that the means of men are good, middling, or bad. Men too, O king, are good, indifferent, or bad. They should therefore be employed accordingly, in the work for which they are suited. These three, O king, can have no wealth of their own: the wife, the slave, and likewise the son; and whatever they earn belongs to the one to whom they themselves belong. Great fear arises from these three transgressions, namely.

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7d8f59939dd9 · published Jul 17, 2026, 4:02:44 AM UTC

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