Upaniṣads · Muṇḍaka 1.2.3
॥
Devanāgarī
यस्य अग्निहोत्रम् अदर्शम् अपौर्णमासम् अचातुर्मास्यम् अनाग्रयणम् अतिथिवर्जितं च ।
अहुतम् अवैश्वदेवम् अविधिना हुतम् आसप्तमान् तस्य लोकान् हिनस्ति ॥
Transliteración (IAST)
yasya agnihotram adarśam apaurṇamāsam acāturmāsyam anāgrayaṇam atithivarjitaṃ ca |
ahutam avaiśvadevam avidhinā hutam āsaptamān tasya lokān hinasti ||
Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
यस्यyasyawhose; in whose case
अग्निहोत्रम्agnihotramthe agnihotra (agnihotra — the daily fire oblation); the fire sacrifice; the rite of fire
अदर्शम्adarśamwithout the new-moon rite; lacking the darśa
अपौर्णमासम्apaurṇamāsamwithout the full-moon rite; lacking the paurṇamāsa
अचातुर्मास्यम्acāturmāsyamwithout the cāturmāsya; without the seasonal rites
अनाग्रयणम्anāgrayaṇamwithout the āgrayaṇa; without the first-fruits offering
अतिथिवर्जितम् चatithivarjitam caand without guests (atithi-varjita); devoid of hospitality; without honour to a guest
अहुतम्ahutamunoffered; without the due oblation
अवैश्वदेवम्avaiśvadevamwithout the vaiśvadeva (a-vaiśvadeva — the offering to all gods and beings); without a portion for all the gods; without the all-divine oblation
अविधिनाavidhinānot according to rule (a-vidhinā); without the prescription; against the ordinance
हुतम्hutamwhat was accomplished; offered
आसप्तमान्āsaptamānup to the seventh (ā-saptama); as far as the seventh; to the seventh [world]
तस्यtasyait; his
लोकान्lokānworlds; realms
हिनस्तिhinastidestroys (from √hiṁs — 'to harm'); ruins; annihilates
Traducción
"He whose agnihotra is without the new-moon and the full-moon rites, without the four-monthly [offerings] and the first-fruits, without guests and without the [daily] oblation, without the offering to all the gods, or performed not according to rule — it destroys his worlds up to the seventh."
Versión
ebb28491df9b · publicado 26 jul 2026, 20:10:40 UTC
Disponible enRUENPasa de verso en verso con
A stern inventory of the flaws of sacrifice: seven "withouts". Without the rites of the new and the full moon (darśa-pūrṇamāsa), without the cāturmāsyas (the seasonal offerings), without the āgrayaṇa — the offering of the first harvest, atithi-varjitam — "without guests" (!), ahutam — without the [daily] oblation, avaiśvadevam — without the vaiśvadeva, the portion for all the gods (and for all beings — from it even dogs and crows are fed), avidhinā hutam — "offered not according to rule".
ā-saptamāṁs tasya lokān hinasti — "it destroys his worlds up to the seventh": a defective sacrifice does not merely "fail to count" — it destroys, and destroys worlds: all seven tiers of the sacrificer's posthumous hope. A half-kept holy thing is more dangerous than honest worldly labour: it touches the great without greatness — and the great exacts its due.
Note what stands in the same row as the ritual omissions: the guest and the vaiśvadeva — that is, human beings and creatures. A sacrifice "to the gods" at which a guest goes hungry at the door and the living are unfed is invalid: the karma-kāṇḍa itself, from within, requires mercy as its own part. It is the same law as in the Kaṭha (a guest kept hungry — and Death in debt) and in the Praśna's first question (there is no path for one in whom there is "crookedness, falsehood, guile"). So the Upaniṣad completes its praise of ritual with ritual's own strictness — and prepares the turn: if even a perfect sacrifice leads only to the worlds of merit, what of an imperfect one?