संस्कृतIASTअर्थ
अष्टकः उवाच पार्थिवेन्द्र त्वया ये ये प्रधानाः लोकाः भुक्ताः यं कालं यथा च तत् मे राजन् सर्वं यथावत् ब्रूहि त्वं हि क्षेत्रज्ञवत् धर्मान् भाषसेaṣṭakaḥ uvāca pārthivendra tvayā ye ye pradhānāḥ lokāḥ bhuktāḥ yaṃ kālaṃ yathā ca tat me rājan sarvaṃ yathāvat brūhi tvaṃ hi kṣetrajñavat dharmān bhāṣaseAshtaka said: O lord of kings, what foremost worlds have been experienced by you, and for what time, and how -- tell me all this duly, O king; for you speak of dharma as one who knows the field [-- the Oversoul]
ययातिः उवाच अहं इह सार्वभौमः राजा आसम् ततः महतः लोकान् अजयम् तत्र वर्षसहस्रमात्रं अवसं ततः परं लोकं अभ्युपेतः अस्मिyayātiḥ uvāca ahaṃ iha sārvabhaumaḥ rājā āsam tataḥ mahataḥ lokān ajayam tatra varṣasahasramātraṃ avasaṃ tataḥ paraṃ lokaṃ abhyupetaḥ asmiYayati said: here I was a sovereign king; then I conquered great worlds; there I dwelt for about a thousand years, then ascended to a higher world
ततः पुरुहूतस्य रम्यां सहस्रद्वारां शतयोजनायतां पुरीं वर्षसहस्रमात्रं अध्यावसं ततः परं लोकं अभ्युपेतःtataḥ puruhūtasya ramyāṃ sahasradvārāṃ śatayojanāyatāṃ purīṃ varṣasahasramātraṃ adhyāvasaṃ tataḥ paraṃ lokaṃ abhyupetaḥthen in the lovely city of Puruhuta (Indra), with a thousand gates, extending a hundred yojanas, I dwelt for about a thousand years, and then ascended to a higher world
ततः लोकपतेः प्रजापतेः दुरापं दिव्यं अजरं लोकं प्राप्य तत्र वर्षसहस्रमात्रं अवसं ततः परं लोकं अभ्युपेतःtataḥ lokapateḥ prajāpateḥ durāpaṃ divyaṃ ajaraṃ lokaṃ prāpya tatra varṣasahasramātraṃ avasaṃ tataḥ paraṃ lokaṃ abhyupetaḥthen, having reached the hard-to-attain, wondrous, unaging world of Prajapati, lord of creatures, I dwelt there for about a thousand years, and then ascended to a higher world
देवस्य देवस्य निवेशने लोकान् विजित्य यथेष्टं अवसं समस्तैः त्रिदशैः संपूज्यमानः ईश्वराणां तुल्यप्रभावद्युतिःdevasya devasya niveśane lokān vijitya yatheṣṭaṃ avasaṃ samastaiḥ tridaśaiḥ saṃpūjyamānaḥ īśvarāṇāṃ tulyaprabhāvadyutiḥin the abode of each god, having conquered the worlds, I dwelt at will, honored by all the gods, [myself] equal in might and splendor to the lords [of the worlds]
तथा नन्दने कामरूपी शतानां अयुतं संवत्सराणां अप्सरोभिः सह विहरन् पुण्यगन्धान् पुष्पितान् चारुरूपान् नगान् पश्यन् अवसंtathā nandane kāmarūpī śatānāṃ ayutaṃ saṃvatsarāṇāṃ apsarobhiḥ saha viharan puṇyagandhān puṣpitān cārurūpān nagān paśyan avasaṃthus in the [garden of] Nandana, assuming any form at will, for a million years, sporting with the apsaras, I lived, beholding fragrant, flowering, beautiful trees
तत्रस्थं देवसुखेषु सक्तं महति काले अतीते अतिमात्रं उग्ररूपः देवानां दूतः मां उच्चैः त्रिः प्लुतेन स्वरेण ध्वंस इति अब्रवीत्tatrasthaṃ devasukheṣu saktaṃ mahati kāle atīte atimātraṃ ugrarūpaḥ devānāṃ dūtaḥ māṃ uccaiḥ triḥ plutena svareṇa dhvaṃsa iti abravīt[when] I [was] there, attached to heavenly delights, and a very long, immeasurable time had passed, a messenger of the gods, terrible in form, thrice, in a drawn-out voice, loudly said to me: 'Fall!'
राजसिंह एतावत् मे विदितं ततः अहं क्षीणपुण्यः नन्दनात् भ्रष्टः मानवेन्द्र अन्तरिक्षे सुराणां अनुक्रोशात् शोचतां वाचः अश्रौषम्rājasiṃha etāvat me viditaṃ tataḥ ahaṃ kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ nandanāt bhraṣṭaḥ mānavendra antarikṣe surāṇāṃ anukrośāt śocatāṃ vācaḥ aśrauṣamO lion among kings, this much is known to me; then I, my merit spent, fell from the [garden of] Nandana; O lord of men, in the sky I heard the words of the gods, grieving [for me] out of compassion
अहो कष्टं क्षीणपुण्यः पुण्यकृत् पुण्यकीर्तिः असौ ययातिः पतति [इति] तान् पतमानः अहं अब्रुवं सतां मध्ये कथं नु निपतेयंaho kaṣṭaṃ kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ puṇyakṛt puṇyakīrtiḥ asau yayātiḥ patati [iti] tān patamānaḥ ahaṃ abruvaṃ satāṃ madhye kathaṃ nu nipateyaṃ'Alas, woe! His merit spent, the righteous, illustrious Yayati is falling!' -- to them, as I fell, I said: 'How might I fall among the righteous?'
तैः भवतां यज्ञभूमिः आख्याता एनां समीक्ष्य त्वरितं उपागतः अस्मि यज्ञभूमेः हविर्गन्धं देशिकं धूमापाङ्गं प्रतिगृह्य प्रतीतःtaiḥ bhavatāṃ yajñabhūmiḥ ākhyātā enāṃ samīkṣya tvaritaṃ upāgataḥ asmi yajñabhūmeḥ havirgandhaṃ deśikaṃ dhūmāpāṅgaṃ pratigṛhya pratītaḥby them your sacrificial ground was pointed out [to me]; catching sight of it, I hastened here; having smelled from your sacrificial ground the fragrance of the [sacrificial] oblation, as if showing the way, borne on the edge of the smoke, I gained trust [and joy]
अष्टकaṣṭakaoriginal form "aṣṭaka", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रधानास्pradhānāsoriginal form "pradhānās", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भुक्ताbhuktāoriginal form "bhuktā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चcaoriginal form "ca", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तन्tanoriginal form "tan", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
क्षेत्रज्ञवद्kṣetrajñavadoriginal form "kṣetrajñavad", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ययातिर्yayātiroriginal form "yayātir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
राजाहम्rājāhamoriginal form "rājāham", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सार्वभौमस्sārvabhaumasoriginal form "sārvabhaumas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततोtatooriginal form "tato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
महतोmahatooriginal form "mahato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अजयंajayaṃoriginal form "ajayaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वैvaioriginal form "vai", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तत्रावसंtatrāvasaṃoriginal form "tatrāvasaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततोtatooriginal form "tato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
परम्paramoriginal form "param", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अस्म्य्asmyoriginal form "asmy", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
शतयोजनायताम्śatayojanāyatāmoriginal form "śatayojanāyatām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततोtatooriginal form "tato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
परम्paramoriginal form "param", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अस्म्य्asmyoriginal form "asmy", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततोtatooriginal form "tato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
दिव्यम्divyamoriginal form "divyam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रजापतेर्prajāpateroriginal form "prajāpater", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
लोकपतेर्lokapateroriginal form "lokapater", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
दुरापम्durāpamoriginal form "durāpam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तत्रावसंtatrāvasaṃoriginal form "tatrāvasaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततोtatooriginal form "tato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
परम्paramoriginal form "param", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अस्म्य्asmyoriginal form "asmy", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चcaoriginal form "ca", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यथेष्टम्yatheṣṭamoriginal form "yatheṣṭam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
संपूज्यमानस्saṃpūjyamānasoriginal form "saṃpūjyamānas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
समस्तैस्samastaisoriginal form "samastais", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुल्यप्रभावद्युतिर्tulyaprabhāvadyutiroriginal form "tulyaprabhāvadyutir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ईश्वराणाम्īśvarāṇāmoriginal form "īśvarāṇām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तथावसंtathāvasaṃoriginal form "tathāvasaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
संवत्सराणाम्saṃvatsarāṇāmoriginal form "saṃvatsarāṇām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
शतानाम्śatānāmoriginal form "śatānām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सहाप्सरोभिर्sahāpsarobhiroriginal form "sahāpsarobhir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पुष्पितांश्puṣpitāṃśoriginal form "puṣpitāṃś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽतीते'tīteoriginal form "'tīte", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततोtatooriginal form "tato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽतिमात्रम्'timātramoriginal form "'timātram", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
दूतोdūtooriginal form "dūto", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
देवानाम्devānāmoriginal form "devānām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अब्रवीद्abravīdoriginal form "abravīd", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
उग्ररूपोugrarūpooriginal form "ugrarūpo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ध्वंसेत्य्dhvaṃsetyoriginal form "dhvaṃsety", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
उच्चैस्uccaisoriginal form "uccais", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
एतावन्etāvanoriginal form "etāvan", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततोtatooriginal form "tato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भ्रष्टोbhraṣṭooriginal form "bhraṣṭo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽहं'haṃoriginal form "'haṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वाचोvācooriginal form "vāco", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽश्रौषं'śrauṣaṃoriginal form "'śrauṣaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चान्तरिक्षेcāntarikṣeoriginal form "cāntarikṣe", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सुराणाम्surāṇāmoriginal form "surāṇām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अनुक्रोशाच्anukrośācoriginal form "anukrośāc", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
छोचतांchocatāṃoriginal form "chocatāṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
क्षीणपुण्योkṣīṇapuṇyooriginal form "kṣīṇapuṇyo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पतत्य्patatyoriginal form "pataty", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पतमानस्patamānasoriginal form "patamānas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततोtatooriginal form "tato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽहं'haṃoriginal form "'haṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तैर्tairoriginal form "tair", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चैनांcaināṃoriginal form "caināṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
त्वरितम्tvaritamoriginal form "tvaritam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
उपागतोupāgatooriginal form "upāgato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽस्मि'smioriginal form "'smi", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यज्ञभूमेर्yajñabhūmeroriginal form "yajñabhūmer", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
Here Yayati recounts his ascent through the heavenly worlds -- and his fall from them. The ascent is telling: world after world (the earthly kingdom, Indra's city, Prajapati's world, Nandana), and in each -- “about a thousand years,” while in Nandana -- “a million years.” Here is the grandeur of heavenly bliss -- and, at the same time, its finitude: however long and great, it is exhausted once merit is exhausted. The messenger's dread cry “Fall!” is an image of the inescapable end of every heavenly reward (compare Gita 9.21: “their merit spent, they return to the world of mortals”). Thus scripture teaches: heaven is not moksha (liberation) but the highest of transient pleasures; and one who seeks the eternal must not be seduced by it. Telling too is what saved Yayati -- not merit (which was spent), but his plea to fall “among the righteous” and the compassion of the gods, who pointed him to the sacrificial ground of the virtuous. Here is an image of grace: when merit is spent, it is not merit that saves, but the company of the saints, to whom Yayati is now directed. And, more deeply, the fragrance of the sacrificial oblation, “showing the way,” draws the fallen man toward the righteous: thus the sacred (sacrifice, sat-sanga) attracts and saves the fallen. What follows (the conversation with Ashtaka about dharma) will show how Yayati is restored through the merits of his righteous descendants.