महाभारत
Prajāgara (040) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's Night of Anxiety, Chapters 33–40)5.40.1-5
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महाभारत · 5.40.1-5
देवनागरी

विदुर उवाच
यो ऽभ्यर्थितः सद्भिर् असज्जमानः; करोत्य् अर्थं शक्तिम् अहापयित्वा ॥
क्षिप्रं यशस् तं समुपैति सन्तम् अलं; प्रसन्ना हि सुखाय सन्तः ॥
महान्तम् अप्य् अर्थम् अधर्मयुक्तं; यः संत्यजत्य् अनुपाक्रुष्ट एव ॥
सुखं स दुःखान्य् अवमुच्य शेते; जीर्णां त्वचं सर्प इवावमुच्य ॥
अनृतं च समुत्कर्षे राजगामि च पैशुनम् ॥
गुरोश् चालीकनिर्बन्धः समानि ब्रह्महत्यया ॥
असूयैकपदं मृत्युर् अतिवादः श्रियो वधः ॥
अशुश्रूषा त्वरा श्लाघा विद्यायाः शत्रवस् त्रयः ॥
सुखार्थिनः कुतो विद्या नास्ति विद्यार्थिनः सुखम् ॥
सुखार्थी वा त्यजेद् विद्यां विद्यार्थी वा सुखं त्यजेत् ॥

लिप्यंतरण (IAST)

vidura uvāca
yo 'bhyarthitaḥ sadbhir asajjamānaḥ; karoty arthaṃ śaktim ahāpayitvā ||
kṣipraṃ yaśas taṃ samupaiti santam alaṃ; prasannā hi sukhāya santaḥ ||
mahāntam apy artham adharmayuktaṃ; yaḥ saṃtyajaty anupākruṣṭa eva ||
sukhaṃ sa duḥkhāny avamucya śete; jīrṇāṃ tvacaṃ sarpa ivāvamucya ||
anṛtaṃ ca samutkarṣe rājagāmi ca paiśunam ||
guroś cālīkanirbandhaḥ samāni brahmahatyayā ||
asūyaikapadaṃ mṛtyur ativādaḥ śriyo vadhaḥ ||
aśuśrūṣā tvarā ślāghā vidyāyāḥ śatravas trayaḥ ||
sukhārthinaḥ kuto vidyā nāsti vidyārthinaḥ sukham ||
sukhārthī vā tyajed vidyāṃ vidyārthī vā sukhaṃ tyajet ||

शब्दशः अर्थ
संस्कृतIASTअर्थ
विदुरviduraO Vidura; Vidura
उवाचuvācasaid; spoke
योyowho; the one who
ऽभ्यर्थितः'bhyarthitaḥentreated; approached with a request
सद्भिर्sadbhirby good people; by the noble
असज्जमानःasajjamānaḥwithout attachment; without delay
करोत्य्karotydoes; performs
अर्थंarthaṃthe deed; the benefit
शक्तिम्śaktimstrength; capacity
अहापयित्वाahāpayitvāwithout depleting; without diminishing
क्षिप्रंkṣipraṃquickly; at once
यशस्yaśasfame; honor
तंtaṃthat; him
समुपैतिsamupaiticomes to; reaches
सन्तम्santamthe good man; the one who is
अलंalaṃenough; sufficiently
प्रसन्नाprasannāgracious; serene
हिhiindeed; for
सुखायsukhāyafor happiness; for benefit
सन्तःsantaḥgood people; the righteous
महान्तम्mahāntamgreat; large
अप्य्apyalso; even
अर्थम्arthampurpose; goal
अधर्मयुक्तंadharmayuktaṃbound up with unrighteousness; unlawful
यःyaḥwhich; what
संत्यजत्य्saṃtyajatyabandons; renounces
अनुपाक्रुष्टanupākruṣṭablameless; free of reproach
एवevaindeed; itself
सुखंsukhaṃhappiness; joy
sahe; this one
दुःखान्य्duḥkhānysorrows; griefs
अवमुच्यavamucyahaving cast off; having freed himself
शेतेśetelies; rests
जीर्णांjīrṇāṃold; worn-out
त्वचंtvacaṃskin; covering
सर्पsarpasnake; serpent
इवावमुच्यivāvamucyaas if having cast off; as if having freed itself
अनृतंanṛtaṃfalsehood; untruth
caand; also
समुत्कर्षेsamutkarṣein self-exaltation; in self-praise
राजगामिrājagāmithat which reaches the king; that which comes before the ruler
caand; also
पैशुनम्paiśunamslander; denunciation
गुरोश्gurośof the teacher; of the preceptor
चालीकनिर्बन्धःcālīkanirbandhaḥand persistence in falsehood; and false insistence
समानिsamāniequal; the same
ब्रह्महत्ययाbrahmahatyayāto the killing of a brahmin; to the guilt of brahmin-slaying
असूयैकपदंasūyaikapadaṃenvy as the sole foundation; malicious fault-finding as the path
मृत्युर्mṛtyurdeath; Mrityu
अतिवादःativādaḥexcessive speech; insulting words
श्रियोśriyoof glory and prosperity; of fortune
वधःvadhaḥkilling; destruction
अशुश्रूषाaśuśrūṣāunwillingness to listen; disobedience
त्वराtvarāhaste; impatience
श्लाघाślāghāself-praise; boasting
विद्यायाःvidyāyāḥof knowledge; of learning
शत्रवस्śatravasenemies; foes
त्रयःtrayaḥthree; the three
सुखार्थिनःsukhārthinaḥfor one seeking happiness; for one desiring comfort
कुतोkutowhence; how indeed
विद्याvidyāknowledge; learning
नास्तिnāstithere is none; does not exist
विद्यार्थिनःvidyārthinaḥfor one seeking knowledge; for the student
सुखम्sukhamhappiness; peace
सुखार्थीsukhārthīone seeking happiness; one desiring comfort
वाor; either
त्यजेद्tyajedlet him abandon; should reject
विद्यांvidyāṃknowledge; must know
विद्यार्थीvidyārthīone seeking knowledge; student
वाor; either
सुखंsukhaṃhappiness; joy
त्यजेत्tyajetlet him abandon; should sacrifice
अनुवाद

Vidura said: 'Honored for his virtue and free from pride, the good man who pursues his purpose without exceeding his own power soon succeeds in winning fame, for the virtuous, once pleased with a man, are surely able to grant him happiness. He who of his own accord forsakes even a great purpose because it harbors unrighteousness lives happily, casting off all his sorrows as a snake casts off its worn-out skin. Victory won through falsehood, deceitful conduct toward the king, and insincerity of purpose expressed before one's teacher — these three are equal to the sin of killing a brahmin. Excessive envy, death, and boastfulness are causes that ruin prosperity; negligence in attending upon one's teacher, haste, and self-praise are the three enemies of knowledge. Intellect, restlessness, idle pastimes to pass the time, arrogance, pride, and greed — these seven, it is said, are the faults that beset students in their pursuit of learning. How can those who desire pleasures possess knowledge?'

संस्करण

bce8202f11f4 · प्रकाशित 17 जुल॰ 2026, 4:02:44 am UTC

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