摩诃婆罗多
Prajāgara (038) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's Night of Anxiety, Chapters 33–40)5.38.1-5
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摩诃婆罗多 · 5.38.1-5
天城文

विदुर उवाच
ऊर्ध्वं प्राणा ह्य् उत्क्रामन्ति यूनः स्थविर आयति ॥
प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्यां पुनस् तान् प्रतिपद्यते ॥
पीठं दत्त्वा साधवे ऽभ्यागताय; आनीयापः परिनिर्णिज्य पादौ ॥
सुखं पृष्ट्वा प्रतिवेद्यात्मसंस्थं; ततो दद्याद् अन्नम् अवेक्ष्य धीरः ॥
यस्योदकं मधुपर्कं च गां च; नमन्त्रवित् प्रतिगृह्णाति गेहे ॥
लोभाद् भयाद् अर्थकार्पण्यतो वा; तस्यानर्थं जीवितम् आहुर् आर्याः ॥
चिकित्सकः शल्यकर्तावकीर्णी; स्तेनः क्रूरो मद्यपो भ्रूणहा च ॥
सेनाजीवी श्रुतिविक्रायकश् च; भृशं प्रियो ऽप्य् अतिथिर् नोदकार्हः ॥
अविक्रेयं लवणं पक्वम् अन्नं; दधि क्षीरं मधु तैलं घृतं च ॥
तिला मांसं मूलफलानि शाकं; रक्तं वासः सर्वगन्धा गुडश् च ॥

转写 (IAST)

vidura uvāca
ūrdhvaṃ prāṇā hy utkrāmanti yūnaḥ sthavira āyati ||
pratyutthānābhivādābhyāṃ punas tān pratipadyate ||
pīṭhaṃ dattvā sādhave 'bhyāgatāya; ānīyāpaḥ parinirṇijya pādau ||
sukhaṃ pṛṣṭvā prativedyātmasaṃsthaṃ; tato dadyād annam avekṣya dhīraḥ ||
yasyodakaṃ madhuparkaṃ ca gāṃ ca; namantravit pratigṛhṇāti gehe ||
lobhād bhayād arthakārpaṇyato vā; tasyānarthaṃ jīvitam āhur āryāḥ ||
cikitsakaḥ śalyakartāvakīrṇī; stenaḥ krūro madyapo bhrūṇahā ca ||
senājīvī śrutivikrāyakaś ca; bhṛśaṃ priyo 'py atithir nodakārhaḥ ||
avikreyaṃ lavaṇaṃ pakvam annaṃ; dadhi kṣīraṃ madhu tailaṃ ghṛtaṃ ca ||
tilā māṃsaṃ mūlaphalāni śākaṃ; raktaṃ vāsaḥ sarvagandhā guḍaś ca ||

逐字释义
梵语IAST释义
विदुरviduraO Vidura; Vidura
उवाचuvācasaid; spoke
ऊर्ध्वंūrdhvaṃupward; on high
प्राणाprāṇālife-breaths; vital airs
ह्य्hyindeed; verily
उत्क्रामन्तिutkrāmantigo forth; rise up
यूनःyūnaḥof the young man; of the youth
स्थविरsthavirathe elder; the aged one
आयतिāyatiapproaches; comes
प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्यांpratyutthānābhivādābhyāṃby rising to greet him and by salutation; by a respectful rising and a bow
पुनस्punasagain; once more
तान्tānthem; those
प्रतिपद्यतेpratipadyaterestores; regains
पीठंpīṭhaṃa seat; a bench
दत्त्वाdattvāhaving given; having offered
साधवेsādhaveto the good man; to the righteous one
ऽभ्यागताय'bhyāgatāyato the arrived guest; to the one who has come
आनीयापःānīyāpaḥhaving brought water; having fetched water
परिनिर्णिज्यparinirṇijyahaving washed; having cleansed
पादौpādauthe feet; the two feet
सुखंsukhaṃwelfare; well-being
पृष्ट्वाpṛṣṭvāhaving asked; having inquired
प्रतिवेद्यात्मसंस्थंprativedyātmasaṃsthaṃhaving reported his own condition; having told of his own affairs
ततोtatothen; thereafter
दद्याद्dadyādshould give; would offer
अन्नम्annamfood; nourishment
अवेक्ष्यavekṣyahaving considered; taking into account
धीरःdhīraḥthe wise man; the steadfast one
यस्योदकंyasyodakaṃwhose water; from whom the water
मधुपर्कंmadhuparkaṃthe madhuparka; the honorific offering
caand; also
गांgāṃthe land; the cow
caand; also
नमन्त्रवित्namantravitone not versed in the sacred formulas; one unacquainted with the mantras
प्रतिगृह्णातिpratigṛhṇātiaccepts; receives
गेहेgehein the house; at home
लोभाद्lobhādout of greed; from avarice
भयाद्bhayādout of fear; from dread
अर्थकार्पण्यतोarthakārpaṇyatoout of stinginess over means; from meanness of spirit for the sake of gain
वाor; or else
तस्यानर्थंtasyānarthaṃuseless for him; harmful to him
जीवितम्jīvitamlife; existence
आहुर्āhurthey say; they call
आर्याःāryāḥthe noble ones; the worthy ones
चिकित्सकःcikitsakaḥa physician; a healer
शल्यकर्तावकीर्णीśalyakartāvakīrṇīa surgeon and a breaker of vows; one who extracts arrows and one fallen from a vow
स्तेनःstenaḥa thief; a robber
क्रूरोkrūroa cruel man; a savage one
मद्यपोmadyapoa drunkard; a drinker of liquor
भ्रूणहाbhrūṇahāa slayer of an unborn child; a destroyer of the unborn
caand; also
सेनाजीवीsenājīvīone who lives by soldiering; a military mercenary
श्रुतिविक्रायकश्śrutivikrāyakaśone who sells the sacred knowledge; one who trades in the learning he has heard
caand; also
भृशंbhṛśaṃgreatly; exceedingly
प्रियोpriyodear; beloved
ऽप्य्'pyalso; even
अतिथिर्atithira guest; one who has arrived
नोदकार्हःnodakārhaḥis not worthy of water; does not deserve the offering of water
अविक्रेयंavikreyaṃnot to be sold; unsellable
लवणंlavaṇaṃsalt; the salted
पक्वम्pakvamcooked; ripe
अन्नंannaṃfood; nourishment
दधिdadhicurd; sour milk
क्षीरंkṣīraṃmilk; milky sap
मधुmadhuhoney; sweetness
तैलंtailaṃoil; vegetable oil
घृतंghṛtaṃclarified butter; ghee
caand; also
तिलाtilāsesame; sesame seeds
मांसंmāṃsaṃmeat; flesh
मूलफलानिmūlaphalāniroots and fruits; tubers and fruits
शाकंśākaṃgreens; vegetables
रक्तंraktaṃred; scarlet
वासःvāsaḥclothing; cloth
सर्वगन्धाsarvagandhāall perfumes; various fragrances
गुडश्guḍaśsugarcane syrup; jaggery
caand; also
译文

Vidura said: 'The heart of a young man soars upward when an aged and honored man arrives at his house as a guest. Coming forward and greeting him, he brings it back down again. He who is self-possessed will first offer a seat, bring water, have the feet of his guest washed, and put the usual questions of welcome, and only then, having taken everything into account, tell of his own affairs and offer him food. The wise have said that the life of a man in whose house a brahmin versed in the sacred mantras does not receive water, honey, curds, and cows — whether from fear that they will be taken back, or from stinginess and reluctance in giving — is lived in vain. He who causes a miscarriage, he who lives by service in an army, and he who sells the Vedas — when such a man arrives as a guest, however undeserving he may be, the offering of water to him must still be regarded by the householder as something most precious.'

版本

7a6cf97ba965 · 发布于 2026年7月17日 04:02:44 UTC

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