摩诃婆罗多 · 7.5.8–9
॥
天城文
न ऋते नायकं सेना मुहूर्तम् अपि तिष्ठति ॥
आहवेष्व् आहवश्रेष्ठ नेतृहीनेव नौर् जले ॥
यथा ह्य् अकर्णधारा नौ रथश् चासारथिर् यथा ॥
द्रवेद् यथेष्टं तद्वत् स्याद् ऋते सेनापतिं बलम् ॥
转写 (IAST)
na ṛte nāyakaṃ senā muhūrtam api tiṣṭhati ||
āhaveṣv āhavaśreṣṭha netṛhīneva naur jale ||
yathā hy akarṇadhārā nau rathaś cāsārathir yathā ||
draved yatheṣṭaṃ tadvat syād ṛte senāpatiṃ balam ||
逐字释义
梵语IAST释义
नnanot; [not] at all
ऋतेṛtewithout; [being] without
नायकम्nāyakama leader; a commander
सेनाsenāthe army; the host
मुहूर्तम्muhūrtama moment [an instant]; and for a moment
अपिapieven; so much as
तिष्ठतिtiṣṭhatiwill stand firm [holds its ground]; holds together
आहवेषुāhaveṣuin battles; in combats
आहवश्रेष्ठāhavaśreṣṭhaO foremost in battle (addressing Karna); O best of warriors
नेतृहीनाnetṛhīnādeprived of a helmsman; without a pilot
इवivalike; as
नौःnauḥa boat; a ship
जलेjaleon the water; upon the water
यथाyathāas; just as
हिhiindeed; truly
अकर्णधाराakarṇadhārāwithout a helmsman; deprived of a steersman
नौःnauḥa boat; a ship
रथःrathaḥa chariot; [a war] chariot
चcaand; also
असारथिःasārathiḥwithout a charioteer; deprived of a driver
यथाyathāas; just as
द्रवेत्dravetwould rush [go astray]; would career [wherever]
यथेष्टम्yatheṣṭamwherever it pleases [uncontrolled]; at random
तद्वत्tadvatjust so; exactly thus
स्यात्syātwould be [would become]; would become
ऋतेṛtewithout; [being] without
सेनापतिम्senāpatima commander; a general
बलम्balamthe army; the host
译文
[Duryodhana:] An army without a leader will not hold its ground in battles even for a moment, O foremost in battle — like a boat without a pilot upon the water. Just as a boat without a steersman, or a chariot without a charioteer, would career off wherever it pleased, so too would the army become without a commander.
版本
5b833585da8c · 发布于 2026年7月19日 14:46:26 UTC
可用语言RUEN用方向键翻颂
The images of a boat without a helmsman and a chariot without a driver bear a simple truth: a multitude needs a single guiding mind, or its strength turns to chaos. Here lies a truth about every order of things: without a head and unified guidance, even a great gathering of forces is helpless. But the story has already shown the reverse side of this: if all guidance is concentrated in a single mortal, then with his fall the ship again loses its rudder. The verse teaches that order and unified guidance are necessary for every common undertaking; and, at the same time, that wise order does not entrust the rudder to one man alone, but grounds itself on dharma, which does not fall as a helmsman falls.