अथ पौर्णमास्यां पुरस्ताच्चन्द्रमसं दृश्यमानमुपतिष्ठेतैतयैवावृता सोमो राजासि विचकक्षणः पञ्चमुखोऽसि प्रजापतिर्ब्राह्मणस्त एकं मुखं तेन मुखेन राज्ञोऽत्सि तेन मुखेन मामन्नादं कुरु राजा त एकं मुखं तेन मुखेन विशोत्सि तेनैव मुखेन मामन्नादं कुरु श्येनस्त एकं मुखं तेन मुखेन पक्षिणोऽत्सि तेन मुखेन मामन्नादं कुरु अग्निष्ट एकं मुखं तेन मुखेनेमं लोकमत्सि तेन मुखेन मामन्नादं कुरु त्वयि पञ्चमं मुखं तेन मुखेन सर्वाणि भूतान्यत्सि तेन मुखेन मामन्नादं कुरु मास्माकं प्राणेन प्रजया पशुभिरवक्षेष्ठा योऽस्माद्वेष्टि यं च वयं द्विष्मस्तस्य प्राणेन प्रजया पशुभिरवक्षीयस्वेति दैवीमावृतमावर्त आदित्यस्यावृतमन्वावर्तन्त इति दक्षिणं बाहुमन्वावर्तते
atha paurṇamāsyāṃ purastāccandramasaṃ dṛśyamānamupatiṣṭhetaitayaivāvṛtā somo rājāsi vicakakṣaṇaḥ pañcamukho'si prajāpatirbrāhmaṇasta ekaṃ mukhaṃ tena mukhena rājño'tsi tena mukhena māmannādaṃ kuru rājā ta ekaṃ mukhaṃ tena mukhena viśotsi tenaiva mukhena māmannādaṃ kuru śyenasta ekaṃ mukhaṃ tena mukhena pakṣiṇo'tsi tena mukhena māmannādaṃ kuru agniṣṭa ekaṃ mukhaṃ tena mukhenemaṃ lokamatsi tena mukhena māmannādaṃ kuru tvayi pañcamaṃ mukhaṃ tena mukhena sarvāṇi bhūtānyatsi tena mukhena māmannādaṃ kuru māsmākaṃ prāṇena prajayā paśubhiravakṣeṣṭhā yo'smādveṣṭi yaṃ ca vayaṃ dviṣmastasya prāṇena prajayā paśubhiravakṣīyasveti daivīmāvṛtamāvarta ādityasyāvṛtamanvāvartanta iti dakṣiṇaṃ bāhumanvāvartate
Then at the full moon let him worship by the same procedure the moon appearing in the east: “Thou art king Soma, the Far-seeing; thou art five-mouthed, thou art Prajāpati. The brāhmaṇa is one mouth of thine; with that mouth thou eatest the kings — with that mouth make me an eater of food. The king is one mouth of thine; with that mouth thou eatest the people — with that same mouth make me an eater of food. The hawk is one mouth of thine; with that mouth thou eatest the birds — with that mouth make me an eater of food. Fire is one mouth of thine; with that mouth thou eatest this world — with that mouth make me an eater of food. In thee is the fifth mouth; with that mouth thou eatest all beings — with that mouth make me an eater of food. Not with our breath, progeny and cattle wane; but with the breath, progeny and cattle of him who hates us and whom we hate — with those wane.” And he turns with the divine turning, following the turning of the sun, turning by the right arm.
618756beb90e · 发布于 2026年7月29日 03:43:45 UTC
可用语言RUEN用方向键翻颂
The full-moon rite, paired with the previous. There the moon was waxing, and one asked for filling; here it will begin to wane, and something else is asked.
The moon is named Soma — not only the name of the month's luminary but the name of the sacrificial drink the gods taste. Hence the mantra's whole image: the moon is described as an eater with five mouths.
The roll of mouths is built as a ladder of devouring. The brāhmaṇa devours kings, the king the people, the hawk the birds, fire this world, and the fifth mouth devours all beings whatsoever. The picture is mercilessly exact: whoever in this world is strong feeds on what is beneath him, and above the whole chain stands something that eats all.
The petition at each mouth is one and the same: “make me an eater of food”, annāda. At first glance this is a plea for prosperity, and in the worldly sense it is. But the word chosen means more in the Upaniṣads: to be an annāda is not to be eaten — to stand in the chain on the side of those who taste, not of those who are tasted.
The second half repeats the same Vedic formula of diverting the loss to the enemy as at the new moon; and of it the same must be said as was said there: it is the ancient layer, above which the book builds its teaching.
All is closed, as before, with the sunwise turn. The two lunar rites — of the new moon and of the full — together cover the whole month: one petition for the waxing, the other for the waning. So the household rule is fitted to that very lunar circle which the first adhyāya named the gate.