奥义书 · Kauṣītaki 4.15
॥
天城文
स होवाच बालाकिर्य एवैष प्राज्ञ आत्मा येनैतत्पुरुषः सुप्तः स्वप्नमाचरति तमेवाहमुपास इति तं होवाचाजातशत्रुर्मा मैतस्मिन्समवादयिष्ठा यमो राजेति वा अहमेतमुपास इति स यो हैतमेवमुपास्ते सर्वं हास्मा इदं श्रैष्ठ्याय गम्यते
转写 (IAST)
sa hovāca bālākirya evaiṣa prājña ātmā yenaitatpuruṣaḥ suptaḥ svapnamācarati tamevāhamupāsa iti taṃ hovācājātaśatrurmā maitasminsamavādayiṣṭhā yamo rājeti vā ahametamupāsa iti sa yo haitamevamupāste sarvaṃ hāsmā idaṃ śraiṣṭhyāya gamyate
逐字释义
梵语IAST释义
सः ह उवाच बालाकिःsaḥ ha uvāca bālākiḥBālāki said; spoke Bālāki
यः एव एषः प्राज्ञः आत्माyaḥ eva eṣaḥ prājñaḥ ātmā“the understanding self”; “that cognising ātman”
येन एतत् पुरुषः सुप्तःyena etat puruṣaḥ suptaḥ“by which a man, asleep”; “by whom a man, having fallen asleep”
स्वप्नम् आचरतिsvapnam ācarati“wanders in dream”; “experiences the dream”
तम् एव अहम् उपासे इतिtam eva aham upāse iti“him I revere”; “precisely him I worship”
तम् ह उवाच अजातशत्रुःtam ha uvāca ajātaśatruḥAjātaśatru said to him; that Ajātaśatru replied
मा मा एतस्मिन् समवादयिष्ठाःmā mā etasmin samavādayiṣṭhāḥ“do not draw me into talk of him”; “do not make me discourse of him”
यमः राजा इतिyamaḥ rājā iti“king Yama”; “Yama the sovereign”
वै अहम् एतम् उपासे इतिvai aham etam upāse iti“so do I revere him”; “thus I worship him”
सः यः ह एतम्saḥ yaḥ ha etamand he who him; the one who him
एवम् उपास्तेevam upāsteso reveres; worships thus
सर्वम् ह अस्मै इदम्sarvam ha asmai idamto him all this; to him everything here
श्रैष्ठ्याय गम्यतेśraiṣṭhyāya gamyatesubmits for his supremacy; is subdued for his pre-eminence
译文
Bālāki said: “The understanding self by which a man, asleep, wanders in dream — it I revere.” Ajātaśatru said to him: “Do not draw me into talk of it! I revere it as king Yama.” And he who so reveres it — to him all this submits for his supremacy.
版本
ce2ff95d875c · 发布于 2026年7月29日 03:43:45 UTC
可用语言RUEN用方向键翻颂
Sixth in the inner series — and the highest of all Bālāki has offered: prājña ātmā, “the understanding self”, that by which a man wanders in dream.
Bālāki has come close. He has named not an element and not a reflection, but that very understanding of which the whole third adhyāya spoke; and named it in the state of sleep, where it acts alone, without the outer senses.
And still the correction follows. Ajātaśatru reveres it as Yama rājā, “king Yama”. The name is double, and both sides work. Yama is the lord of the dead, and sleep in the śāstras is constantly drawn near to death: the sleeper goes where the dying man goes, only he returns. And Yama is “the restrainer”, from the root yam, “to hold in check”: he who rules and keeps in rein.
The fruit is named royally: “all this submits to him for his supremacy”. He who reveres the ruler himself becomes one who is obeyed.
But here too remains the gap for whose sake the whole conversation is held. The understanding self in dream is still the one who sees dreams, not the one who sleeps without them; of him Ajātaśatru will speak at the end, leading Bālāki to a sleeping man. Bālāki pointed to the dreamer; he will be asked where the man was when he saw nothing.