संस्कृतIASTअर्थ
अष्टकः उवाच राजन् सूर्याचन्द्रमसोः इव धावतोः एतयोः कतरः पूर्वं देवानां सात्म्यतां एतिaṣṭakaḥ uvāca rājan sūryācandramasoḥ iva dhāvatoḥ etayoḥ kataraḥ pūrvaṃ devānāṃ sātmyatāṃ etiAshtaka said: O king, of these two [— the householder and the ascetic —], [as if] racing [toward the goal] like the sun and the moon, which one first attains oneness [with the nature] of the gods?
ययातिः उवाच अनिकेतः भिक्षुः कामवृत्तेषु गृहस्थेषु संयतः ग्रामे एव वसन् तयोः पूर्वतरं गतःyayātiḥ uvāca aniketaḥ bhikṣuḥ kāmavṛtteṣu gṛhastheṣu saṃyataḥ grāme eva vasan tayoḥ pūrvataraṃ gataḥYayati said: the homeless mendicant [ascetic], restrained among householders [who indulge] in the enjoyment of desired things, [even] while dwelling in a village, of those two attains [the goal] earlier.
यः दीर्घम् आयुः अप्राप्य विकृतिं प्राप्तः चरेत् तत् कृत्वा यदि तप्येत सः ततः अन्यत् तपः चरेत्yaḥ dīrgham āyuḥ aprāpya vikṛtiṃ prāptaḥ caret tat kṛtvā yadi tapyeta saḥ tataḥ anyat tapaḥ caret[but] one who, not having attained long life, [having fallen] into the frailty [of old age], lives [thus, in renunciation] — [if] he, having acted so, [later] repents, let him [again] perform another austerity.
राजन् यत् नृशंसं तत् अपथ्यं आहुः यः अनर्थबुद्धिः धर्मं सेवते [तत् न साधु] अस्वः अनीशः च [सन्] यत् आर्जवं सः समाधिः तत् आर्यंrājan yat nṛśaṃsaṃ tat apathyaṃ āhuḥ yaḥ anarthabuddhiḥ dharmaṃ sevate [tat na sādhu] asvaḥ anīśaḥ ca [san] yat ārjavaṃ saḥ samādhiḥ tat āryaṃO king, what is cruel is called unwholesome; one who with a perverse mind serves [an illusory] dharma [is not good]; [but when even] one who is destitute and powerless [keeps to] uprightness — that [is] true concentration, that is noble.
अष्टकः उवाच राजन् अद्य केन दूतः प्रहितः असि युवा स्रग्वी दर्शनीयः सुवर्चाः कुतः आगतः कतरस्यां दिशि त्वं उत आहो स्वित् पार्थिवं स्थानम् अस्तिaṣṭakaḥ uvāca rājan adya kena dūtaḥ prahitaḥ asi yuvā sragvī darśanīyaḥ suvarcāḥ kutaḥ āgataḥ katarasyāṃ diśi tvaṃ uta āho svit pārthivaṃ sthānam astiAshtaka said: O king, by whom have you been sent today as a messenger, young, garlanded, comely, radiant? Where have you come from, in what direction are you? Or is there [here] a royal abode [of yours]?
ययातिः उवाच अहं क्षीणपुण्यः गगनात् विप्रकीर्णः इमं भौमं नरकं उर्वीं प्रवेष्टुं [पतामि] वः उक्त्वा अनन्तरं प्रपतिष्यामि ब्राह्मणाः लोकपालाः मां त्वरन्तिyayātiḥ uvāca ahaṃ kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ gaganāt viprakīrṇaḥ imaṃ bhaumaṃ narakaṃ urvīṃ praveṣṭuṃ [patāmi] vaḥ uktvā anantaraṃ prapatiṣyāmi brāhmaṇāḥ lokapālāḥ māṃ tvarantiYayati said: I, my merit exhausted, cast down from heaven, [am falling] to enter this earthly hell — [onto] the earth; having told you this, I shall fall at once; the brahmins and the guardians of the world are hastening me.
नरेन्द्र सतां सकाशे मे प्रपातः वृतः ते सर्वे संगताः गुणवन्तः च शक्रात् च मया एषः वरः लब्धः भूमितले पतिष्यताnarendra satāṃ sakāśe me prapātaḥ vṛtaḥ te sarve saṃgatāḥ guṇavantaḥ ca śakrāt ca mayā eṣaḥ varaḥ labdhaḥ bhūmitale patiṣyatāO lord of men, I have requested to fall near the virtuous; they have all gathered [here], and [all] are endowed with good qualities; and this boon I have received from Shakra — for me, [as I am] about to fall upon the surface of the earth.
अष्टकaṣṭakaoriginal form "aṣṭaka", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कतरस्katarasoriginal form "kataras", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
त्व्tvoriginal form "tv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
देवानाम्devānāmoriginal form "devānām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सात्म्यताम्sātmyatāmoriginal form "sātmyatām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
उभयोर्ubhayororiginal form "ubhayor", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
धावतोdhāvatooriginal form "dhāvato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सूर्याचन्द्रमसोर्sūryācandramasororiginal form "sūryācandramasor", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ययातिर्yayātiroriginal form "yayātir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अनिकेतोaniketooriginal form "aniketo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ग्रामgrāmaoriginal form "grāma", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भिक्षुस्bhikṣusoriginal form "bhikṣus", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
आयुस्āyusoriginal form "āyus", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुtuoriginal form "tu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्राप्तोprāptooriginal form "prāpto", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सोsooriginal form "so", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽन्यत्'nyatoriginal form "'nyat", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततस्tatasoriginal form "tatas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यद्yadoriginal form "yad", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वैvaioriginal form "vai", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तद्tadoriginal form "tad", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अपथ्यम्apathyamoriginal form "apathyam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
आहुर्āhuroriginal form "āhur", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
धर्मम्dharmamoriginal form "dharmam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अस्वोasvooriginal form "asvo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽप्य्'pyoriginal form "'py", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अनीशश्anīśaśoriginal form "anīśaś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तथैवtathaivaoriginal form "tathaiva", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
राजंस्rājaṃsoriginal form "rājaṃs", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तदार्जवंtadārjavaṃoriginal form "tadārjavaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
समाधिस्samādhisoriginal form "samādhis", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तदार्यम्tadāryamoriginal form "tadāryam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अष्टकaṣṭakaoriginal form "aṣṭaka", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
केनासिkenāsioriginal form "kenāsi", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रहितोprahitooriginal form "prahito", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽद्य'dyaoriginal form "'dya", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कुतkutaoriginal form "kuta", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
त्वम्tvamoriginal form "tvam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
उताहोutāhooriginal form "utāho", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ययातिर्yayātiroriginal form "yayātir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रवेष्टुम्praveṣṭumoriginal form "praveṣṭum", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
गगनाद्gaganādoriginal form "gaganād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
उक्त्वाहंuktvāhaṃoriginal form "uktvāhaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रपतिष्याम्य्prapatiṣyāmyoriginal form "prapatiṣyāmy", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ब्राह्मणाbrāhmaṇāoriginal form "brāhmaṇā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुtuoriginal form "tu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रपातस्prapātasoriginal form "prapātas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
संगताsaṃgatāoriginal form "saṃgatā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
गुणवन्तश्guṇavantaśoriginal form "guṇavantaś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
शक्राच्śakrācoriginal form "śakrāc", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
लब्धोlabdhooriginal form "labdho", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
हिhioriginal form "hi", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वरोvarooriginal form "varo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
मयैषmayaiṣaoriginal form "mayaiṣa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
The conversation continues here — on the superiority of renunciation and on uprightness of heart. It is telling that Yayati favors the mendicant (bhikshu) over the householder in the speed of reaching the goal: complete renunciation is the most direct path. But — subtly — he does not praise renunciation without measure: one who has taken it up not out of maturity but out of frailty (or with a 'perverse mind') needs a different austerity. Here is wise caution: renunciation is a good only as the fruit of maturity and sincerity, not as flight or pretense. Telling, too, is the definition of nobility (arya): 'when even one destitute and powerless keeps to uprightness (arjava) — that is noble.' It is significant that true dignity lies not in wealth or power but in honesty and uprightness of heart, preserved even in poverty. And the image of Yayati, 'ready to fall near the virtuous,' calmly announcing his own fall, reveals his transformation: the once-proud man is now humble and unshaken; he does not complain but accepts the sentence, rejoicing in the company of the righteous. Thus bitter experience has made him wise and gentle.