梵语IAST释义
देवकः देवराजसमद्युतिः गन्धर्वपतिः मुख्यः क्षितौ नराधिपः जज्ञेdevakaḥ devarājasamadyutiḥ gandharvapatiḥ mukhyaḥ kṣitau narādhipaḥ jajñeDevaka, radiant as the king of the gods, the chief lord of the Gandharvas, was born on earth as a king
बृहस्पतेः देवर्षेः अंशात् द्रोणं भारद्वाजं अयोनिजं समुत्पन्नं विद्धिbṛhaspateḥ devarṣeḥ aṃśāt droṇaṃ bhāradvājaṃ ayonijaṃ samutpannaṃ viddhiknow that from a portion of the divine sage Brihaspati was born Drona, [son] of Bharadvaja, born not from a womb
सः सर्वास्त्रवित्तमः धन्विनाम् [वरः] बृहत्कीर्तिः महातेजाः मनुजेषु संजज्ञेsaḥ sarvāstravittamaḥ dhanvinām [varaḥ] bṛhatkīrtiḥ mahātejāḥ manujeṣu saṃjajñehe, the best among the knowers of every weapon and among archers, most glorious, of great splendor, was born among men
तं द्रोणं धनुर्वेदे वेदे च वरिष्ठं इन्द्रकर्माणं स्वकुलवर्धनं वेदविदः विदुःtaṃ droṇaṃ dhanurvede vede ca variṣṭhaṃ indrakarmāṇaṃ svakulavardhanaṃ vedavidaḥ viduḥthat Drona, foremost in the science of the bow and in the Veda, [a man] of deeds worthy of Indra, the increaser of his own lineage — the knowers of the Vedas know him
महादेवान्तकाभ्यां कामात् क्रोधात् च एकत्वम् उपपन्नानां अश्वत्थामा शूरः परंतपः जज्ञेmahādevāntakābhyāṃ kāmāt krodhāt ca ekatvam upapannānāṃ aśvatthāmā śūraḥ paraṃtapaḥ jajñefrom [the powers of] Mahadeva (Shiva), [the god of] Death (Antaka), Desire, and Wrath, [united] as one, was born the hero Ashvatthaman, the scorcher [of foes]
अश्वत्थामा महावीर्यः शत्रुपक्षक्षयंकरः कमलपत्राक्षः क्षितौ नराधिपः आसीत्aśvatthāmā mahāvīryaḥ śatrupakṣakṣayaṃkaraḥ kamalapatrākṣaḥ kṣitau narādhipaḥ āsītAshvatthaman, of great valor, destroyer of the enemy host, lotus-eyed, was on earth [a mighty man]
वसिष्ठस्य शापेन वासवस्य नियोगात् च अष्टौ वसवः गङ्गायां शंतनोः सुताः जज्ञिरेvasiṣṭhasya śāpena vāsavasya niyogāt ca aṣṭau vasavaḥ gaṅgāyāṃ śaṃtanoḥ sutāḥ jajñireby the curse of Vasishtha and by the command of Indra, the eight Vasus were born to Ganga as sons of Shantanu
तेषां अवरजः भीष्मः कुरूणां अभयंकरः मतिमान् वेदविद् वाग्मी शत्रुपक्षक्षयंकरःteṣāṃ avarajaḥ bhīṣmaḥ kurūṇāṃ abhayaṃkaraḥ matimān vedavid vāgmī śatrupakṣakṣayaṃkaraḥthe youngest of them is Bhishma, giver of fearlessness to the Kurus, wise, knowing the Vedas, eloquent, destroyer of the enemy host
यः सर्वविदां वरः महातेजाः जामदग्न्येन रामेण भार्गवेण अयुध्यतyaḥ sarvavidāṃ varaḥ mahātejāḥ jāmadagnyena rāmeṇa bhārgaveṇa ayudhyatahe who was the best of the all-knowing, of great splendor, fought with Rama, son of Jamadagni, [descendant] of Bhrigu
कृपः ब्रह्मर्षिः रुद्राणां गणात् संभूतं अतिपौरुषं विद्धिkṛpaḥ brahmarṣiḥ rudrāṇāṃ gaṇāt saṃbhūtaṃ atipauruṣaṃ viddhiknow that the brahmarshi Kripa, of surpassing manhood, arose from the host of the Rudras
शकुनिः महारथः राजा तं द्वापरं संभूतं अरिमर्दनं विद्धिśakuniḥ mahārathaḥ rājā taṃ dvāparaṃ saṃbhūtaṃ arimardanaṃ viddhiKing Shakuni, the great warrior — know him as the embodied Dvapara (the spirit of the age of discord), crusher of foes
सात्यकिः सत्यसंधः वृष्णिकुलोद्वहः मरुतां पक्षात् जज्ञे देवानाम् अरिमर्दनःsātyakiḥ satyasaṃdhaḥ vṛṣṇikulodvahaḥ marutāṃ pakṣāt jajñe devānām arimardanaḥSatyaki, true to his word, increaser of the Vrishni lineage, born of the host of the Maruts, crusher of the enemies of the gods
द्रुपदः राजर्षिः ततः एव गणात् मानुषे लोके सर्वशस्त्रभृतां वरः अभवत्drupadaḥ rājarṣiḥ tataḥ eva gaṇāt mānuṣe loke sarvaśastrabhṛtāṃ varaḥ abhavatthe royal sage Drupada, too, from that same host [of the Maruts], became in the world of men the foremost of all wielders of weapons
कृतवर्माणं जनाधिपं अप्रतिकर्माणं क्षत्रियर्षभसत्तमं जातं विद्धिkṛtavarmāṇaṃ janādhipaṃ apratikarmāṇaṃ kṣatriyarṣabhasattamaṃ jātaṃ viddhiknow that the lord of men Kritavarman was born [a warrior] irresistible, the foremost bull among kshatriyas
मरुतां गणात् संजातं विराटं नाम राजर्षिं परराष्ट्रप्रतापनं विद्धिmarutāṃ gaṇāt saṃjātaṃ virāṭaṃ nāma rājarṣiṃ pararāṣṭrapratāpanaṃ viddhiknow that from the host of the Maruts was born the royal sage named Virata, the scorcher of hostile realms
अरिष्टायाः पुत्रः हंसः गन्धर्वपतिः कुरुवंशविवर्धनः धृतराष्ट्रः इति ख्यातः कृष्णद्वैपायनात् जज्ञेariṣṭāyāḥ putraḥ haṃsaḥ gandharvapatiḥ kuruvaṃśavivardhanaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ iti khyātaḥ kṛṣṇadvaipāyanāt jajñethe son of Arishta, Hamsa, lord of the Gandharvas, increaser of the Kuru lineage, renowned as Dhritarashtra, was born from Krishna-Dvaipayana
दीर्घबाहुः महातेजाः प्रज्ञाचक्षुः मातुः दोषात् ऋषेः कोपात् अन्धः एव व्यजायतdīrghabāhuḥ mahātejāḥ prajñācakṣuḥ mātuḥ doṣāt ṛṣeḥ kopāt andhaḥ eva vyajāyatalong-armed, of great splendor, [seeing] with the eye of wisdom — because of his mother's fault and the sage's wrath, he was born blind indeed
यस्yasoriginal form "yas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
त्व्tvoriginal form "tv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
आसीद्āsīdoriginal form "āsīd", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
देवकोdevakooriginal form "devako", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
गन्धर्वपतिर्gandharvapatiroriginal form "gandharvapatir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
बृहस्पतेर्bṛhaspateroriginal form "bṛhaspater", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
बृहत्कीर्तेर्bṛhatkīrteroriginal form "bṛhatkīrter", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
देवर्षेर्devarṣeroriginal form "devarṣer", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भारतbhārataoriginal form "bhārata", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अंशाद्aṃśādoriginal form "aṃśād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भारद्वाजम्bhāradvājamoriginal form "bhāradvājam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अयोनिजम्ayonijamoriginal form "ayonijam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
धन्विनांdhanvināṃoriginal form "dhanvināṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नृपशार्दूलnṛpaśārdūlaoriginal form "nṛpaśārdūla", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
बृहत्कीर्तिर्bṛhatkīrtiroriginal form "bṛhatkīrtir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
मनुजेष्व्manujeṣvoriginal form "manujeṣv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
इहihaoriginal form "iha", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यंyaṃoriginal form "yaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वेदविदोvedavidooriginal form "vedavido", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वरिष्ठम्variṣṭhamoriginal form "variṣṭham", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
स्वकुलवर्धनम्svakulavardhanamoriginal form "svakulavardhanam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
क्रोधाच्krodhācoriginal form "krodhāc", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चcaoriginal form "ca", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भारतbhārataoriginal form "bhārata", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वीरःvīraḥoriginal form "vīraḥ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
क्षिताव्kṣitāvoriginal form "kṣitāv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
आसीन्āsīnoriginal form "āsīn", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नराधिपnarādhipaoriginal form "narādhipa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वसवस्vasavasoriginal form "vasavas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
त्व्tvoriginal form "tv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चcaoriginal form "ca", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नियोगाद्niyogādoriginal form "niyogād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चcaoriginal form "ca", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तेषाम्teṣāmoriginal form "teṣām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अवरजोavarajooriginal form "avarajo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कुरूणाम्kurūṇāmoriginal form "kurūṇām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यःyaḥoriginal form "yaḥ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
महातेजाmahātejāoriginal form "mahātejā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
महात्मनाmahātmanāoriginal form "mahātmanā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यस्yasoriginal form "yas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुtuoriginal form "tu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
राजन्rājanoriginal form "rājan", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कृपोkṛpooriginal form "kṛpo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नामnāmaoriginal form "nāma", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ब्रह्मर्षिर्brahmarṣiroriginal form "brahmarṣir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
गणाद्gaṇādoriginal form "gaṇād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
संभूतम्saṃbhūtamoriginal form "saṃbhūtam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अतिपौरुषम्atipauruṣamoriginal form "atipauruṣam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
शकुनिर्śakuniroriginal form "śakunir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नामnāmaoriginal form "nāma", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यस्yasoriginal form "yas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
त्व्tvoriginal form "tv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
आसीद्āsīdoriginal form "āsīd", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तंtaṃoriginal form "taṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
राजन्rājanoriginal form "rājan", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
संभूतम्saṃbhūtamoriginal form "saṃbhūtam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अरिमर्दनम्arimardanamoriginal form "arimardanam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सत्यसंधस्satyasaṃdhasoriginal form "satyasaṃdhas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुtuoriginal form "tu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
योyooriginal form "yo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽसौ'sauoriginal form "'sau", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
द्रुपदश्drupadaśoriginal form "drupadaś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चापिcāpioriginal form "cāpi", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
राजर्षिस्rājarṣisoriginal form "rājarṣis", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततtataoriginal form "tata", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
एवाभवद्evābhavadoriginal form "evābhavad", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नृपnṛpaoriginal form "nṛpa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
लोकेlokeoriginal form "loke", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽस्मिन्'sminoriginal form "'smin", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततश्tataśoriginal form "tataś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चcaoriginal form "ca", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
राजञ्rājañoriginal form "rājañ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
जनाधिपम्janādhipamoriginal form "janādhipam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
जातम्jātamoriginal form "jātam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
क्षत्रियर्षभसत्तमम्kṣatriyarṣabhasattamamoriginal form "kṣatriyarṣabhasattamam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुtuoriginal form "tu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
गणाद्gaṇādoriginal form "gaṇād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
संजातम्saṃjātamoriginal form "saṃjātam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अरिमर्दनम्arimardanamoriginal form "arimardanam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नामnāmaoriginal form "nāma", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
परराष्ट्रप्रतापनम्pararāṣṭrapratāpanamoriginal form "pararāṣṭrapratāpanam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अरिष्टायास्ariṣṭāyāsoriginal form "ariṣṭāyās", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुtuoriginal form "tu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यःyaḥoriginal form "yaḥ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पुत्रोputrooriginal form "putro", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
हंसhaṃsaoriginal form "haṃsa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
इत्य्ityoriginal form "ity", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अभिविश्रुतःabhiviśrutaḥoriginal form "abhiviśrutaḥ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
गन्धर्वपतिर्gandharvapatiroriginal form "gandharvapatir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
धृतराष्ट्रdhṛtarāṣṭraoriginal form "dhṛtarāṣṭra", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कृष्णद्वैपायनाद्kṛṣṇadvaipāyanādoriginal form "kṛṣṇadvaipāyanād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अपिapioriginal form "api", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
दीर्घबाहुर्dīrghabāhuroriginal form "dīrghabāhur", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रज्ञाचक्षुर्prajñācakṣuroriginal form "prajñācakṣur", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
मातुर्māturoriginal form "mātur", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
दोषाद्doṣādoriginal form "doṣād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कोपाद्kopādoriginal form "kopād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अन्धandhaoriginal form "andha", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
Here the list turns to the good and exalted incarnations — sages and gods who became the chief heroes of the epic. The composite origins are telling: Drona descends from Brihaspati (teacher of the gods), and so becomes the greatest of teachers; Ashvatthaman is born of the union of Shiva, Death, Desire, and Wrath, and so is fierce and terrible (as shown later in his night slaughter); Bhishma and his brothers are the eight Vasus (treated in detail further on); Kripa comes from the Rudras. Here lies a depth of character: the origin of a "portion" explains the very nature of the hero — Drona's mastery as a teacher, Ashvatthaman's ferocity, Bhishma's wisdom. Significant, too, is the incarnation of Dvapara (the spirit of the next-to-last age) in Shakuni: the very "spirit of gambling and discord" takes flesh in the one who, through a game of dice, will plunge the world into war — so an abstract force of the age is given a face. Note also Dhritarashtra's blindness, "because of his mother's fault and the sage's wrath": an outward defect as the seal of karma, and, more deeply, an image of the king's spiritual blindness — one who fails to see dharma because of his partiality toward his son. Thus scripture joins heavenly origin, bodily mark, and moral character into a single image.