梵语IAST释义
यदि मे याचमानायाः वचनं न करिष्यसि दुःषन्त ततः अद्य ते मूर्धा शतधा फलिष्यतिyadi me yācamānāyāḥ vacanaṃ na kariṣyasi duḥṣanta tataḥ adya te mūrdhā śatadhā phaliṣyatiif you do not fulfill my word, though I plead, o Duhshanta, then this very day your head will split into a hundred pieces
पतिः भार्यां संप्रविश्य यस्मात् पुनः सः जायते जायायाः जायात्वं इति पुराणाः कवयः विदुःpatiḥ bhāryāṃ saṃpraviśya yasmāt punaḥ saḥ jāyate jāyāyāḥ jāyātvaṃ iti purāṇāḥ kavayaḥ viduḥbecause a husband, entering his wife, is born again from her, as a son -- in that lies the "wifehood" (jaya) of a wife, so the ancient sage-poets have known
आगमवतः पुंसः यत् अपत्यं प्रजायते तत् संतत्या पूर्वप्रेतान् पितामहान् तारयतिāgamavataḥ puṃsaḥ yat apatyaṃ prajāyate tat saṃtatyā pūrvapretān pitāmahān tārayatithe offspring born to a husband learned in scripture saves, through the succession of the line, the ancestors who died before
यस्मात् सुतः पितरं पुम् नाम्नः नरकात् त्रायते तस्मात् स्वयम्भुवा स्वयम् एव पुत्रः इति प्रोक्तःyasmāt sutaḥ pitaraṃ pum nāmnaḥ narakāt trāyate tasmāt svayambhuvā svayam eva putraḥ iti proktaḥbecause a son saves his father from the hell called "Put" -- for that the Self-born himself has named him "putra" (son)
सा भार्या या गृहे दक्षा या प्रजावती या पतिप्राणा या पतिव्रताsā bhāryā yā gṛhe dakṣā yā prajāvatī yā patiprāṇā yā pativratāthat true wife is one who is skilled in the household, who is blessed with children, for whom her husband is life itself, who is devoted to her husband
भार्या मनुष्यस्य अर्धं भार्या श्रेष्ठतमः सखा भार्या त्रिवर्गस्य मूलं भार्या मरिष्यतः मित्रम्bhāryā manuṣyasya ardhaṃ bhāryā śreṣṭhatamaḥ sakhā bhāryā trivargasya mūlaṃ bhāryā mariṣyataḥ mitrama wife is half of a man, a wife is his best friend, a wife is the root of the three aims [dharma, artha, and kama], a wife is a friend even to the dying
भार्यावन्तः क्रियावन्तः सभार्याः गृहमेधिनः भार्यावन्तः प्रमोदन्ते भार्यावन्तः श्रियान्विताःbhāryāvantaḥ kriyāvantaḥ sabhāryāḥ gṛhamedhinaḥ bhāryāvantaḥ pramodante bhāryāvantaḥ śriyānvitāḥthose who have a wife are fit for rites; with a wife, they are true householders; those who have a wife rejoice, those who have a wife are endowed with prosperity
एताः प्रविक्त्еषु प्रियंवदाः सखायः धर्मकार्येषु पितरः आर्तस्य मातरः भवन्तिetāḥ praviktеṣu priyaṃvadāḥ sakhāyaḥ dharmakāryeṣu pitaraḥ ārtasya mātaraḥ bhavantiin solitude wives are sweet-speaking companions, in matters of dharma they are like fathers, to one in distress they are like mothers
अध्वनिकस्य नरस्य कान्तारेषु अपि विश्रामः यः सदारः सः विश्वास्यः तस्मात् दाराः परा गतिःadhvanikasya narasya kāntāreṣu api viśrāmaḥ yaḥ sadāraḥ saḥ viśvāsyaḥ tasmāt dārāḥ parā gatiḥa wife is rest for a traveler even in the wilderness; whoever has a wife is trustworthy; therefore a wife is the highest refuge
विषमेषु एकपातिनं संसरन्तं प्रेतं भर्तारं या पतिव्रता भार्या एव सततं अन्वेतिviṣameṣu ekapātinaṃ saṃsarantaṃ pretaṃ bhartāraṃ yā pativratā bhāryā eva satataṃ anvetiin misfortune, as the departed husband wanders alone through perilous paths, only the devoted wife follows him constantly
एतस्मात् कारणात् राजन् पाणिग्रहणम् इष्यते यत् पतिः भार्याम् इह लोके परत्र च आप्नोतिetasmāt kāraṇāt rājan pāṇigrahaṇam iṣyate yat patiḥ bhāryām iha loke paratra ca āpnotifor this reason, o king, marriage is desired -- that a husband obtains his wife both in this world and in the next
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यस्माज्yasmājoriginal form "yasmāj", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
जायायाjāyāyāoriginal form "jāyāyā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कवयोkavayooriginal form "kavayo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यद्yadoriginal form "yad", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पुंसस्puṃsasoriginal form "puṃsas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तद्tadoriginal form "tad", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पुन्punoriginal form "pun", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नाम्नोnāmnooriginal form "nāmno", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नरकाद्narakādoriginal form "narakād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पुत्रputraoriginal form "putra", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
साsāoriginal form "sā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
साsāoriginal form "sā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
साsāoriginal form "sā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भार्याbhāryāoriginal form "bhāryā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भार्याbhāryāoriginal form "bhāryā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
मित्रंmitraṃoriginal form "mitraṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सभार्याsabhāryāoriginal form "sabhāryā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रविविक्तेषुpravivikteṣuoriginal form "pravivikteṣu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भवन्त्य्bhavantyoriginal form "bhavanty", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पितरोpitarooriginal form "pitaro", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भवन्त्य्bhavantyoriginal form "bhavanty", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कान्तारेष्व्kāntāreṣvoriginal form "kāntāreṣv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
विश्रामोviśrāmooriginal form "viśrāmo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नरस्याध्वनिकस्यnarasyādhvanikasyaoriginal form "narasyādhvanikasya", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वैvaioriginal form "vai", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
विश्वास्यस्viśvāsyasoriginal form "viśvāsyas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तस्माद्tasmādoriginal form "tasmād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
संसरन्तम्saṃsarantamoriginal form "saṃsarantam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अपिapioriginal form "api", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
विषमेष्व्viṣameṣvoriginal form "viṣameṣv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
एकपातिनम्ekapātinamoriginal form "ekapātinam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भार्यैवान्वेतिbhāryaivānvetioriginal form "bhāryaivānveti", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रथमंprathamaṃoriginal form "prathamaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
संस्थिताsaṃsthitāoriginal form "saṃsthitā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भार्याbhāryāoriginal form "bhāryā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पतिंpatiṃoriginal form "patiṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रेत्यpretyaoriginal form "pretya", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रतीक्षतेpratīkṣateoriginal form "pratīkṣate", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पूर्वंpūrvaṃoriginal form "pūrvaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
मृतंmṛtaṃoriginal form "mṛtaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
भर्तारंbhartāraṃoriginal form "bhartāraṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पश्चात्paścātoriginal form "paścāt", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
साध्व्य्sādhvyoriginal form "sādhvy", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अनुगच्छतिanugacchatioriginal form "anugacchati", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कारणाद्kāraṇādoriginal form "kāraṇād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
यद्yadoriginal form "yad", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पतिर्patiroriginal form "patir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चcaoriginal form "ca", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
Here Shakuntala proclaims the greatness of wife and son within dharma. Noteworthy is the teaching about the son: he is called "putra" because he saves his father from the hell "Put" — offspring continue the rites and save the ancestors; such is the debt owed to the ancestors (pitri-rina). This belongs to the dharma of the householder, yet there is something higher still: true deliverance comes not only through offspring but through devotion to God. Notable too is the hymn to the wife: "half of a man, his best friend, the root of the three aims, the highest refuge" — scripture exalts the wife as a companion in dharma, not a servant but a partner and support. Here is the dignity accorded to women in Vedic culture: the devoted wife (pativrata) is honored as a sacred figure who accompanies her husband even beyond the threshold of death. Thus Shakuntala, defending herself, proclaims the eternal dharma of marriage — not out of self-interest, but as truth itself. And the threat that "his head will split into a hundred pieces" is no empty rage but the power of truthful speech (satya): a righteous woman who speaks truth is clothed in fearsome power — the king risks not her vengeance, but retribution for the violation of dharma.