奥义书 Brahma 2

Brahma UpaniṣadBrahma 2

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奥义书 · Brahma 2

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天城文

अथास्य पुरुषस्य चत्वारि स्थानानि भवन्ति नाभिर्हृदयं कण्ठं मूर्धेति । तत्र चतुष्पादं ब्रह्म विभाति । जागरितं स्वप्नं सुषुप्तं तुरीयमिति । जागरिते ब्रह्मा स्वप्ने विष्णुः सुषुप्तौ रुद्रस्तुरीयं परमाक्षरं आदित्यश्च विष्णुश्चेश्वरश्च स पुरुषः स प्राणः स जीवः सोऽग्निः सेश्वरश्च जाग्रत्तेषां मध्ये यत्परं ब्रह्म विभाति । स्वयममनस्कमश्रोत्रमपाणिपादं ज्योतिर्वर्जितं न तत्र लोका न लोका वेदा न वेदा देवा न देवा यज्ञा न यज्ञ माता न माता पिता न पिता स्नुषा न स्नुषा चाण्डालो न चाण्डालः पौल्कसो न पौल्कसः श्रमणो न श्रमणः पशवो न पशवस्तापसो न तापस इत्येकमेव परं ब्रह्म विभाति । हृद्याकाशे तद्विज्ञानमाकाशं तत्सुषिरमाकाशं तद्वेद्यं हृद्याकाशं यस्मिन्निदं संचरति वचरति यस्मिन्निदं सर्वमोतं प्रोतं । सं विभोः प्रजा ज्ञायेरन् । न तत्र देवा ऋषयः पितर रिशते प्रतिबुद्धः सर्वविदिति

转写 (IAST)

athāsya puruṣasya catvāri sthānāni bhavanti nābhirhṛdayaṃ kaṇṭhaṃ mūrdheti | tatra catuṣpādaṃ brahma vibhāti | jāgaritaṃ svapnaṃ suṣuptaṃ turīyamiti | jāgarite brahmā svapne viṣṇuḥ suṣuptau rudrasturīyaṃ paramākṣaraṃ ādityaśca viṣṇuśceśvaraśca sa puruṣaḥ sa prāṇaḥ sa jīvaḥ so'gniḥ seśvaraśca jāgratteṣāṃ madhye yatparaṃ brahma vibhāti | svayamamanaskamaśrotramapāṇipādaṃ jyotirvarjitaṃ na tatra lokā na lokā vedā na vedā devā na devā yajñā na yajña mātā na mātā pitā na pitā snuṣā na snuṣā cāṇḍālo na cāṇḍālaḥ paulkaso na paulkasaḥ śramaṇo na śramaṇaḥ paśavo na paśavastāpaso na tāpasa ityekameva paraṃ brahma vibhāti | hṛdyākāśe tadvijñānamākāśaṃ tatsuṣiramākāśaṃ tadvedyaṃ hṛdyākāśaṃ yasminnidaṃ saṃcarati vacarati yasminnidaṃ sarvamotaṃ protaṃ | saṃ vibhoḥ prajā jñāyeran | na tatra devā ṛṣayaḥ pitara riśate pratibuddhaḥ sarvaviditi

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अथ अस्य पुरुषस्यatha asya puruṣasyathen of this Puruṣa; and now of this puruṣa

चत्वारि स्थानानि भवन्तिcatvāri sthānāni bhavantithere are four places; there exist four dwellings

नाभिः हृदयम् कण्ठम् मूर्धा इतिnābhiḥ hṛdayam kaṇṭham mūrdhā itithe navel, the heart, the throat, the crown; navel, heart, throat and crown

तत्र चतुष्पादम् ब्रह्म विभातिtatra catuṣpādam brahma vibhātithere shines the four-footed Brahman; there gleams Brahman of four feet

जागरितम् स्वप्नम् सुषुप्तम् तुरीयम् इतिjāgaritam svapnam suṣuptam turīyam itiwaking, dream, deep sleep, the fourth; waking, dreaming, suṣupti and turīya

जागरिते ब्रह्मा स्वप्ने विष्णुःjāgarite brahmā svapne viṣṇuḥin waking — Brahmā, in dream — Viṣṇu; awake, Brahmā; in dream, Viṣṇu

सुषुप्तौ रुद्रःsuṣuptau rudraḥin deep sleep — Rudra; in suṣupti, Rudra

तुरीयम् परमाक्षरम्turīyam paramākṣaramthe fourth is the supreme imperishable; turīya is the highest undecaying

सः पुरुषः सः प्राणःsaḥ puruṣaḥ saḥ prāṇaḥhe is the Puruṣa, he is the breath; he is the puruṣa, he is prāṇa

सः जीवःsaḥ jīvaḥhe is the jīva; he is the living one

तेषाम् मध्येteṣām madhyeamong them; in their midst

यत् परम् ब्रह्म विभातिyat param brahma vibhātishines the highest Brahman; gleams the supreme Brahman

स्वयम् अमनस्कम् अश्रोत्रम्svayam amanaskam aśrotramhimself mindless, earless; himself without manas or hearing

अपाणिपादम् ज्योतिर्वर्जितम्apāṇipādam jyotirvarjitamhandless, footless, devoid of light; without hand or foot, without radiance

न तत्र लोकाः न लोकाःna tatra lokāḥ na lokāḥthere are no worlds there and no non-worlds; there are neither worlds nor non-worlds there

वेदाः न वेदाःvedāḥ na vedāḥVedas and non-Vedas; neither Vedas nor non-Vedas

देवाः न देवाःdevāḥ na devāḥgods and non-gods; neither gods nor non-gods

माता न माताmātā na mātāmother and non-mother; neither mother nor non-mother

पिता न पिताpitā na pitāfather and non-father; neither father nor non-father

चाण्डालः न चाण्डालःcāṇḍālaḥ na cāṇḍālaḥcaṇḍāla and non-caṇḍāla; neither caṇḍāla nor non-caṇḍāla

श्रमणः न श्रमणःśramaṇaḥ na śramaṇaḥśramaṇa and non-śramaṇa; neither recluse nor non-recluse

तापसः न तापसःtāpasaḥ na tāpasaḥascetic and non-ascetic; neither austere nor non-austere

इति एकम् एवiti ekam evaso the one alone; thus only the single one

परम् ब्रह्म विभातिparam brahma vibhātithe highest Brahman shines; the supreme Brahman gleams

हृद्याकाशे तत् विज्ञानम् आकाशम्hṛdyākāśe tat vijñānam ākāśamin the heart-space — that knowledge-space; in the heart's ether, that ether of knowing

यस्मिन् इदम् सर्वम् ओतम् प्रोतम्yasmin idam sarvam otam protamin whom all this is woven warp and weft; in whom this whole is threaded through and through

प्रतिबुद्धः सर्ववित् इतिpratibuddhaḥ sarvavit itithe awakened one is all-knowing; he who has woken knows all

译文

Then of this Puruṣa there are four places: the navel, the heart, the throat and the crown. There shines the four-footed Brahman: waking, dream, deep sleep and the fourth. In waking — Brahmā, in dream — Viṣṇu, in deep sleep — Rudra, and the fourth is the supreme imperishable; and Āditya, and Viṣṇu, and Īśvara — he is the Puruṣa, he is the breath, he is the jīva, he is fire, he is the Lord; and among them shines the highest Brahman. Himself he is without mind, without hearing, without hands or feet, devoid of light: there are there no worlds and no non-worlds, no Vedas and no non-Vedas, no gods and no non-gods, no sacrifices and no non-sacrifices, no mother and no non-mother, no father and no non-father, no daughter-in-law and no non-daughter-in-law, no caṇḍāla and no non-caṇḍāla, no paulkasa and no non-paulkasa, no recluse and no non-recluse, no beasts and no non-beasts, no ascetic and no non-ascetic — thus shines the one highest Brahman alone. In the space of the heart is that knowledge-space, that hollow space, that knowable space of the heart in which all this moves, in which all this is woven warp and weft. Not the gods are there, not the seers, not the fathers; the awakened one is all-knowing.

注释

The second section is the only one for which this book is remembered at all, and it holds two teachings at once.

The first: four places in the body — navel, heart, throat, crown — and four states attached to them: waking, dream, deep sleep, the fourth.

We read the same schedule in the fourth section of the Kaivalya, only there the places differed. Here it is joined to the second teaching, and that one is unexpected.

The states are assigned deities: in waking Brahmā, in dream Viṣṇu, in deep sleep Rudra, and the fourth is “the supreme imperishable”.

Set this beside the thirty-sixth section of the Atharvaśiras, where the four measures of the syllable Om were assigned to Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Īśāna and all the gods, and the fourth was in colour like crystal. The construction is the same: three names and a fourth beyond them.

Then comes the long string of negations, and it repays attention: “no mother and no non-mother, no caṇḍāla and no non-caṇḍāla, no ascetic and no non-ascetic”.

Not only the thing is denied, but its opposite too. Ordinary negations remove one and leave the other; here the pair itself is removed.

And it is telling what is put into the pairs: kinship, caste, order of life. Everything, that is, with which a man answers the question “who are you?”.

At the end — hṛdy-ākāśa, “the space of the heart”, and the loom-image of the Bṛhadāraṇyaka: in it all is “woven warp and weft”.

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7bfbde6cbd17 · 发布于 2026年7月29日 03:09:07 UTC

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