भार्यां पतिः संप्रविश्य स यस्माज् जायते पुनः ॥
जायाया इति जायात्वं पुराणाः कवयो विदुः ॥
यद् आगमवतः पुंसस् तद् अपत्यं प्रजायते ॥
तत् तारयति संतत्या पूर्वप्रेतान् पितामहान् ॥
पुन् नाम्नो नरकाद् यस्मात् पितरं त्रायते सुतः ॥
तस्मात् पुत्र इति प्रोक्तः स्वयम् एव स्वयम्भुवा ॥
सा भार्या या गृहे दक्षा सा भार्या या प्रजावती ॥
सा भार्या या पतिप्राणा सा भार्या या पतिव्रता ॥
अर्धं भार्या मनुष्यस्य भार्या श्रेष्ठतमः सखा ॥
भार्या मूलं त्रिवर्गस्य भार्या मित्रं मरिष्यतः ॥
भार्यावन्तः क्रियावन्तः सभार्या गृहमेधिनः ॥
भार्यावन्तः प्रमोदन्ते भार्यावन्तः श्रियान्विताः ॥
सखायः प्रविविक्तेषु भवन्त्य् एताः प्रियंवदाः ॥
पितरो धर्मकार्येषु भवन्त्य् आर्तस्य मातरः ॥
कान्तारेष्व् अपि विश्रामो नरस्याध्वनिकस्य वै ॥
यः सदारः स विश्वास्यस् तस्माद् दाराः परा गतिः ॥
संसरन्तम् अपि प्रेतं विषमेष्व् एकपातिनम् ॥
भार्यैवान्वेति भर्तारं सततं या पतिव्रता ॥
प्रथमं संस्थिता भार्या पतिं प्रेत्य प्रतीक्षते ॥
पूर्वं मृतं च भर्तारं पश्चात् साध्व्य् अनुगच्छति ॥
एतस्मात् कारणाद् राजन् पाणिग्रहणम् इष्यते ॥
यद् आप्नोति पतिर् भार्याम् इह लोके परत्र च ॥
bhāryāṃ patiḥ saṃpraviśya sa yasmāj jāyate punaḥ ||
jāyāyā iti jāyātvaṃ purāṇāḥ kavayo viduḥ ||
yad āgamavataḥ puṃsas tad apatyaṃ prajāyate ||
tat tārayati saṃtatyā pūrvapretān pitāmahān ||
pun nāmno narakād yasmāt pitaraṃ trāyate sutaḥ ||
tasmāt putra iti proktaḥ svayam eva svayambhuvā ||
sā bhāryā yā gṛhe dakṣā sā bhāryā yā prajāvatī ||
sā bhāryā yā patiprāṇā sā bhāryā yā pativratā ||
ardhaṃ bhāryā manuṣyasya bhāryā śreṣṭhatamaḥ sakhā ||
bhāryā mūlaṃ trivargasya bhāryā mitraṃ mariṣyataḥ ||
bhāryāvantaḥ kriyāvantaḥ sabhāryā gṛhamedhinaḥ ||
bhāryāvantaḥ pramodante bhāryāvantaḥ śriyānvitāḥ ||
sakhāyaḥ pravivikteṣu bhavanty etāḥ priyaṃvadāḥ ||
pitaro dharmakāryeṣu bhavanty ārtasya mātaraḥ ||
kāntāreṣv api viśrāmo narasyādhvanikasya vai ||
yaḥ sadāraḥ sa viśvāsyas tasmād dārāḥ parā gatiḥ ||
saṃsarantam api pretaṃ viṣameṣv ekapātinam ||
bhāryaivānveti bhartāraṃ satataṃ yā pativratā ||
prathamaṃ saṃsthitā bhāryā patiṃ pretya pratīkṣate ||
pūrvaṃ mṛtaṃ ca bhartāraṃ paścāt sādhvy anugacchati ||
etasmāt kāraṇād rājan pāṇigrahaṇam iṣyate ||
yad āpnoti patir bhāryām iha loke paratra ca ||
«If you do not do as I ask, o Duhshanta, your head will split into a hundred pieces this very day. Because a husband, entering his wife, is born again from her, as a son — in that lies the 'wifehood' (jaya) of a wife, so the ancient sage-poets have known. The offspring born to a husband learned in scripture saves, through the succession of the line, the ancestors who died before him. Because a son saves his father from the hell called 'Put' — for that the Self-born himself has named him 'putra' (son). She alone is a true wife who is skilled in the household, who is blessed with children, for whom her husband is her very life, who is devoted to her husband. A wife is half of a man, a wife is his best friend, a wife is the root of the three aims [of dharma, artha, and kama], a wife is a friend even to the dying. Those who have wives are fit for rites; with a wife, they are true householders; those who have wives rejoice, those who have wives are endowed with prosperity. In solitude they are sweet-speaking companions, in matters of dharma they are like fathers, to one in distress they are like mothers. Even in the wilderness a wife is a traveler's rest; whoever has a wife is trustworthy; therefore a wife is the highest refuge. In misfortune, when the departed husband wanders on alone through perilous paths, only the devoted wife follows him constantly. For this reason, o king, marriage is desired — that a husband gains his wife both in this world and in the next.»
d1b0661f1485 · publicado 12 jul 2026, 15:37:30 UTC
Disponible enRUENPasa de verso en verso con
Here Shakuntala proclaims the greatness of wife and son within dharma. Noteworthy is the teaching about the son: he is called "putra" because he saves his father from the hell "Put" — offspring continue the rites and save the ancestors; such is the debt owed to the ancestors (pitri-rina). This belongs to the dharma of the householder, yet there is something higher still: true deliverance comes not only through offspring but through devotion to God. Notable too is the hymn to the wife: "half of a man, his best friend, the root of the three aims, the highest refuge" — scripture exalts the wife as a companion in dharma, not a servant but a partner and support. Here is the dignity accorded to women in Vedic culture: the devoted wife (pativrata) is honored as a sacred figure who accompanies her husband even beyond the threshold of death. Thus Shakuntala, defending herself, proclaims the eternal dharma of marriage — not out of self-interest, but as truth itself. And the threat that "his head will split into a hundred pieces" is no empty rage but the power of truthful speech (satya): a righteous woman who speaks truth is clothed in fearsome power — the king risks not her vengeance, but retribution for the violation of dharma.