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Upaniṣads · Muktikā 1.31
॥
Devanāgarī
ब्रह्मकैवल्यजाबालश्वेताश्वो हंस आरुणिः । गर्भो नारायणो हंसो बिन्दुर्नादशिरः शिखा
Transliteración (IAST)
brahmakaivalyajābālaśvetāśvo haṃsa āruṇiḥ | garbho nārāyaṇo haṃso bindurnādaśiraḥ śikhā
Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
ब्रह्म-कैवल्य-जाबाल-brahma-kaivalya-jābāla-Brahma, Kaivalya, Jābāla
श्वेताश्वः हंस आरुणिःśvetāśvaḥ haṃsa āruṇiḥŚvetāśva, Haṃsa, Āruṇi
गर्भः नारायणः हंसःgarbhaḥ nārāyaṇaḥ haṃsaḥGarbha, Nārāyaṇa, Haṃsa
बिन्दुः नाद-शिरः शिखाbinduḥ nāda-śiraḥ śikhāBindu, Nāda, Śiras, Śikhā
Traducción
«Brahma, Kaivalya, Jābāla, Śvetāśva, Haṃsa, Āruṇi, Garbha, Nārāyaṇa, [Parama]haṃsa, Bindu, Nāda, Śiras, Śikhā…»
Versión
68df67ff4409 · publicado 12 ago 2026, 5:00:00 UTC
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The list continues, and worth noting is that it holds «haṃsa» twice. The first is the Haṃsa-upaniṣad, sixteenth in our count; the second is Paramahaṃsa, and in the verse it is abbreviated to the same word. This detail shows what was said in reading the previous verse: the abbreviations in the list are ambiguous, and can be untangled only by already knowing the list.
Add that these names are names of small books: Brahma, Kaivalya, Garbha, Nāda-bindu, Brahma-bindu, Dhyāna-bindu, Yoga-śikhā. That is, after the ten great ones come those that run a few pages. And worth noting that already fourth among them stands śvetāśva, that is, Śvetāśvatara — a book some count as an eleventh great one and which is precious for Vaishnava reading.
We examined it at Śvetāśvatara and noted that in it stands nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'yanāya, «there is no other path to the goal», and that it ends with the verse yasya deve parā bhaktir yathā deve tathā gurau, examined at Śāṭyāyani (37). That is, in a list where the books are arranged by ordinary importance, it stands among the small ones; and this, I think, shows that the arrangement is made not by content but by length and use.