摩诃婆罗多
Saṃjaya-yāna (029) (Sañjaya's Embassy to the Pāṇḍavas, Chapters 21–32)5.29.21-25
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摩诃婆罗多 · 5.29.21-25
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अधीयीत ब्राह्मणो ऽथो यजेत; दद्याद् इयात् तीर्थमुख्यानि चैव ॥
अध्यापयेद् याजयेच् चापि याज्यान्; प्रतिग्रहान् वा विदितान् प्रतीच्छेत् ॥
तथा राजन्यो रक्षणं वै प्रजानां; कृत्वा धर्मेणाप्रमत्तो ऽथ दत्त्वा ॥
यज्ञैर् इष्ट्वा सर्ववेदान् अधीत्य; दारान् कृत्वा पुण्यकृद् आवसेद् गृहान् ॥
वैश्यो ऽधीत्य कृषिगोरक्षपण्यैर्; वित्तं चिन्वन् पालयन्न् अप्रमत्तः ॥
प्रियं कुर्वन् ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाणां; धर्मशीलः पुण्यकृद् आवसेद् गृहान् ॥
परिचर्या वन्दनं ब्राह्मणानां; नाधीयीत प्रतिषिद्धो ऽस्य यज्ञः ॥
नित्योत्थितो भूतये ऽतन्द्रितः स्याद्; एष स्मृतः शूद्रधर्मः पुराणः ॥
एतान् राजा पालयन्न् अप्रमत्तो; नियोजयन् सर्ववर्णान् स्वधर्मे ॥
अकामात्मा समवृत्तिः प्रजासु; नाधार्मिकान् अनुरुध्येत कामान् ॥

转写 (IAST)

adhīyīta brāhmaṇo 'tho yajeta; dadyād iyāt tīrthamukhyāni caiva ||
adhyāpayed yājayec cāpi yājyān; pratigrahān vā viditān pratīcchet ||
tathā rājanyo rakṣaṇaṃ vai prajānāṃ; kṛtvā dharmeṇāpramatto 'tha dattvā ||
yajñair iṣṭvā sarvavedān adhītya; dārān kṛtvā puṇyakṛd āvased gṛhān ||
vaiśyo 'dhītya kṛṣigorakṣapaṇyair; vittaṃ cinvan pālayann apramattaḥ ||
priyaṃ kurvan brāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇāṃ; dharmaśīlaḥ puṇyakṛd āvased gṛhān ||
paricaryā vandanaṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ; nādhīyīta pratiṣiddho 'sya yajñaḥ ||
nityotthito bhūtaye 'tandritaḥ syād; eṣa smṛtaḥ śūdradharmaḥ purāṇaḥ ||
etān rājā pālayann apramatto; niyojayan sarvavarṇān svadharme ||
akāmātmā samavṛttiḥ prajāsu; nādhārmikān anurudhyeta kāmān ||

逐字释义
梵语IAST释义
अधीयीतadhīyītashould study; must learn
ब्राह्मणोbrāhmaṇothe brahmana; the brahmana priest
ऽथो'thothen; and also
यजेतyajetashould sacrifice; must offer sacrifice
दद्याद्dadyādshould give; would give
इयात्iyātshould go; should proceed
तीर्थमुख्यानिtīrthamukhyānito the chief sacred places; to the foremost tirthas
चैवcaivaand indeed; and precisely
अध्यापयेद्adhyāpayedshould teach; must instruct
याजयेच्yājayecshould officiate as priest; must perform sacrifices for others
चापिcāpiand also; and even
याज्यान्yājyānthose for whom sacrifice is performed; the sacrificers
प्रतिग्रहान्pratigrahāngifts; offerings
वाor; either
विदितान्viditānknown; permitted
प्रतीच्छेत्pratīcchetshould accept; must receive
तथाtathāthus; likewise
राजन्योrājanyothe kshatriya; the man of royal blood
रक्षणंrakṣaṇaṃprotection; guarding
वैvaiindeed; verily
प्रजानांprajānāṃof the people; of the subjects
कृत्वाkṛtvāhaving done; having performed
धर्मेणाप्रमत्तोdharmeṇāpramattovigilant in righteousness; not negligent in dharma
ऽथ'thathen; after that
दत्त्वाdattvāhaving given; having donated
यज्ञैर्yajñairwith sacrifices; with rites
इष्ट्वाiṣṭvāhaving sacrificed; having honored with sacrifice
सर्ववेदान्sarvavedānall the Vedas; all the Vedic knowledge
अधीत्यadhītyahaving studied; having learned
दारान्dārāna wife; a spouse
कृत्वाkṛtvāhaving taken; having married
पुण्यकृद्puṇyakṛdperforming meritorious deeds; doing what is virtuous
आवसेद्āvasedshould dwell; must abide
गृहान्gṛhānat home; in the household
वैश्योvaiśyothe vaishya; the man of the trading and farming order
ऽधीत्य'dhītyahaving studied; having learned
कृषिगोरक्षपण्यैर्kṛṣigorakṣapaṇyairby agriculture, cattle-keeping, and trade; by farming, protecting cattle, and commerce
वित्तंvittaṃwealth; property
चिन्वन्cinvanaccumulating; amassing
पालयन्न्pālayannpreserving; sustaining
अप्रमत्तःapramattaḥvigilant; not negligent
प्रियंpriyaṃpleasing; agreeable
कुर्वन्kurvandoing; acting
ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाणांbrāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇāṃof the brahmanas and kshatriyas; of the priests and warriors
धर्मशीलःdharmaśīlaḥrighteous in character; of virtuous disposition
पुण्यकृद्puṇyakṛdperforming meritorious deeds; doing what is virtuous
आवसेद्āvasedshould dwell; must abide
गृहान्gṛhānat home; in the household
परिचर्याparicaryāservice; attendance
वन्दनंvandanaṃreverence; veneration
ब्राह्मणानांbrāhmaṇānāṃof the brahmanas; of the priests
नाधीयीतnādhīyītashould not study; must not learn
प्रतिषिद्धोpratiṣiddhoforbidden; prohibited
ऽस्य'syahis; of him
यज्ञःyajñaḥsacrifice; sacrificial rite
नित्योत्थितोnityotthitoever active; constantly rising
भूतयेbhūtayefor prosperity; for welfare
ऽतन्द्रितः'tandritaḥunwearied; not idle
स्याद्syādshould be; let him be
एषeṣathis; such
स्मृतःsmṛtaḥis remembered; is regarded
शूद्रधर्मःśūdradharmaḥthe duty of the shudra; the shudra's dharma
पुराणःpurāṇaḥancient; time-honored
एतान्etānthese; all these
राजाrājāthe king; the ruler
पालयन्न्pālayannpreserving; protecting
अप्रमत्तोapramattovigilant; not negligent
नियोजयन्niyojayanappointing; directing
सर्ववर्णान्sarvavarṇānall the varnas; all the castes
स्वधर्मेsvadharmeto their own duty; to their own dharma
अकामात्माakāmātmānot swayed by desire; unselfish in spirit
समवृत्तिःsamavṛttiḥimpartial in conduct; even-handed
प्रजासुprajāsutoward his subjects; toward the people
नाधार्मिकान्nādhārmikānnot unrighteous; not lawless
अनुरुध्येतanurudhyetashould indulge; must yield to
कामान्kāmāndesires; passions
译文

Then you may praise or blame, as you please. The brahmana should study, offer sacrifices, engage in charity, and dwell in the finest of all the holy places on earth; he should teach, officiate as priest in the sacrifices performed by others worthy of such assistance, and accept gifts from persons of good repute. Likewise, the kshatriya should protect the people according to the precepts of the law, diligently practice charity, offer sacrifices, study the whole of the Veda, marry, and lead the life of a virtuous householder. If he possesses a virtuous soul and practices the holy virtues, he may readily attain the realm of the Supreme Being. The vaishya should study, earn diligently, and accumulate wealth through trade, agriculture, and the care of cattle. He should act so as to please the brahmanas and kshatriyas, be virtuous, perform good deeds, and be a householder. Set out below are the duties assigned to the shudra from ancient times. He should serve the brahmanas and be obedient to them; he should not study; sacrifices are forbidden to him; he should be diligent and ever active, doing everything for his own welfare.

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a356db5e90b1 · 发布于 2026年7月17日 03:43:08 UTC

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