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Upanishads · Muktikā 1.2
॥
Devanāgarī
सनकाद्यैर्मुनिगणैर्वसिष्ठाद्यैः शुकादिभिः । अन्यैर्भागवतैश्चापि स्तूयमानमहर्निशम्
Transliteration (IAST)
sanakādyairmunigaṇairvasiṣṭhādyaiḥ śukādibhiḥ | anyairbhāgavataiścāpi stūyamānamaharniśam
Word-by-word
SanskritIASTMeaning
सनक-आद्यैः मुनि-गणैःsanaka-ādyaiḥ muni-gaṇaiḥby throngs of sages headed by Sanaka
वसिष्ठ-आद्यैः शुक-आदिभिःvasiṣṭha-ādyaiḥ śuka-ādibhiḥby Vasiṣṭha and the rest, by Śuka and the rest
अन्यैः भागवतैः च अपिanyaiḥ bhāgavataiḥ ca apiand by other devotees
स्तूयमानम् अहर्-निशम्stūyamānam ahar-niśampraised day and night
Translation
«…praised day and night by throngs of sages headed by Sanaka, by Vasiṣṭha and the rest, by Śuka and the rest, and by other devotees…»
Version
f4eb39ac6628 · published Aug 12, 2026, 5:00:00 AM UTC
Available inRUENPage between verses with
Named are those who praise, and it is worth noting who they are. Sanaka and the rest are the four Kumāras, the eternal boy-ascetics spoken of at Saubhāgyalakṣmī (2.10): they were ātmārāma, «having a garden within themselves», and turned to devotion on smelling the scent of tulasī from his feet. Vasiṣṭha is the family preceptor of the Ikṣvākus, the one who taught Rāma; and the book «Yoga-vāsiṣṭha», from which the second chapter of this upaniṣad will draw dozens of verses, is his instruction.
Śuka is the son of Vyāsa, the narrator of the Bhāgavatam, spoken of at Varāha (4.34). That is, three orders are named, each of which is revered as the summit of renunciation: the Kumāras, the family sage, and the born renunciate. And all of them praise.
This detail, I think, is the book's chief argument, and it is made not by reasoning but by arrangement: those set up in other books as models of silence are here caught singing. Add the word bhāgavata, «devotee», by which the rest are named. This word in Vaishnava usage is the chief self-designation, and it means «belonging to Bhagavān».
Add too ahar-niśam, «day and night»: praise has no fixed hour, and this sets it apart from a rite performed at an appointed time.