Mahābhārata
Prajāgara (033) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's Night of Anxiety, Chapters 33–40)5.33.56-60
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Mahābhārata · 5.33.56-60
Devanāgarī

त्रिविधाः पुरुषा राजन्न् उत्तमाधममध्यमाः ॥
नियोजयेद् यथावत् तांस् त्रिविधेष्व् एव कर्मसु ॥
त्रय एवाधना राजन् भार्या दासस् तथा सुतः ॥
यत् ते समधिगच्छन्ति यस्य ते तस्य तद् धनम् ॥
चत्वारि राज्ञा तु महाबलेन; वर्ज्यान्य् आहुः पण्डितस् तानि विद्यात् ॥
अल्पप्रज्ञैः सह मन्त्रं न कुर्यान्; न दीर्घसूत्रैर् अलसैश् चारणैश् च ॥
चत्वारि ते तात गृहे वसन्तु; श्रियाभिजुष्टस्य गृहस्थधर्मे ॥
वृद्धो ज्ञातिर् अवसन्नः कुलीनः; सखा दरिद्रो भगिनी चानपत्या ॥
चत्वार्य् आह महाराज सद्यस्कानि बृहस्पतिः ॥
पृच्छते त्रिदशेन्द्राय तानीमानि निबोध मे ॥

Transliteración (IAST)

trividhāḥ puruṣā rājann uttamādhamamadhyamāḥ ||
niyojayed yathāvat tāṃs trividheṣv eva karmasu ||
traya evādhanā rājan bhāryā dāsas tathā sutaḥ ||
yat te samadhigacchanti yasya te tasya tad dhanam ||
catvāri rājñā tu mahābalena; varjyāny āhuḥ paṇḍitas tāni vidyāt ||
alpaprajñaiḥ saha mantraṃ na kuryān; na dīrghasūtrair alasaiś cāraṇaiś ca ||
catvāri te tāta gṛhe vasantu; śriyābhijuṣṭasya gṛhasthadharme ||
vṛddho jñātir avasannaḥ kulīnaḥ; sakhā daridro bhaginī cānapatyā ||
catvāry āha mahārāja sadyaskāni bṛhaspatiḥ ||
pṛcchate tridaśendrāya tānīmāni nibodha me ||

Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
त्रिविधाःtrividhāḥthreefold; of three kinds
पुरुषाpuruṣāmen; persons
राजन्न्rājannO king; O sovereign
उत्तमाधममध्यमाःuttamādhamamadhyamāḥhighest, lowest, and middle; best, worst, and middling
नियोजयेद्niyojayedshould employ; let him apply
यथावत्yathāvatas befits; properly
तांस्tāṃsthem; those
त्रिविधेष्व्trividheṣvin the threefold; in the triple
एवevaindeed; precisely
कर्मसुkarmasuin tasks; in actions
त्रयtrayathree; threefold
एवाधनाevādhanāprecisely without wealth; having no property of their own
राजन्rājanO king; O earthly lord
भार्याbhāryāwife; spouse
दासस्dāsasslave; servant
तथाtathāand likewise; so
सुतःsutaḥson; offspring
यत्yatwhat; which
तेtethey; those
समधिगच्छन्तिsamadhigacchantiacquire; obtain
यस्यyasyawhose; of whom
तेtethey; those
तस्यtasyahis; of that one
तद्tadthat; this
धनम्dhanamproperty; possession
चत्वारिcatvārifour; fourfold
राज्ञाrājñāby the king; by the ruler
तुtubut; however
महाबलेनmahābalenapossessed of great might; mighty
वर्ज्यान्य्varjyānythings to be avoided; that which should be shunned
आहुःāhuḥthey say; they call
पण्डितस्paṇḍitasthe wise man; the sensible one
तानिtānithem; these
विद्यात्vidyātshould know; let him understand
अल्पप्रज्ञैःalpaprajñaiḥwith those of little wisdom; with people of small understanding
सहsahatogether with; along with
मन्त्रंmantraṃcounsel; deliberation
nanot; no
कुर्यान्kuryānwill make; will establish
nanot; no
दीर्घसूत्रैर्dīrghasūtrairwith the tardy; with those who drag things out
अलसैश्alasaiświth the lazy; with the indolent
चारणैश्cāraṇaiśand with flatterers; and with wandering minstrels
caand; also
चत्वारिcatvārifour; fourfold
तेtethey; those
तातtātadear one; my son
गृहेgṛhein the house; in the dwelling
वसन्तुvasantulet them dwell; let them abide
श्रियाभिजुष्टस्यśriyābhijuṣṭasyablessed with prosperity; graced with fortune
गृहस्थधर्मेgṛhasthadharmein the duty of a householder; in the householder's law
वृद्धोvṛddhoold; aged
ज्ञातिर्jñātirkinsman; relative
अवसन्नःavasannaḥfallen into misfortune; come to ruin
कुलीनःkulīnaḥof noble birth; well-born
सखाsakhāfriend; companion
दरिद्रोdaridropoor; destitute
भगिनीbhaginīsister; own sister
चानपत्याcānapatyāand childless; having no offspring
चत्वार्य्catvāryfour; four dawns
आहāhasaid; spoke
महाराजmahārājaO great king; O mighty ruler
सद्यस्कानिsadyaskāniimmediate; arising at once
बृहस्पतिःbṛhaspatiḥBrihaspati; the priest of the gods
पृच्छतेpṛcchateto the one asking; to the questioner
त्रिदशेन्द्रायtridaśendrāyato the Indra of the gods; to the lord of the thirty gods
तानीमानिtānīmānithese very ones; those same
निबोधnibodhaunderstand; learn
मेmemy; of mine
Traducción

the resolve of the gods, the understanding of the wise, the humility of the learned, and the destruction of sinners. These four, though meant to remove fear, become causes of fear when performed wrongly: the fire-offering, the vow of silence, study, and sacrifice in general. O bull of the Bharata race, a man should worship these five fires with reverence: the father, the mother, one's own fire, the soul, and the teacher. By serving these five, men attain great glory in this world: the gods, the ancestors, men, mendicants, and guests. These five follow you wherever you go: friends, enemies, the indifferent, dependents, and those entitled to maintenance. Of the five senses inherent in man, if one develops a leak, then through that single opening all his understanding flows out, just as water flows out from a leaky leather vessel. A man who wishes to attain prosperity should avoid six faults: sleep, drowsiness, fear, anger, sloth, and procrastination.

Versión

eb682641772e · publicado 17 jul 2026, 4:02:44 UTC

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