Upaniṣads · Gopāla-tāpanī Uttara 69
॥
Devanāgarī
रोहिणीतनयो राम अकाराक्षर सम्भवः ।
तैजसात्मकः प्रद्युम्न उकाराक्षरसम्भवः ।
प्राज्ञात्मकोऽनिरुद्धो वै मकाराक्षरसम्भवः ।
अर्धमात्रात्मकः कृष्णो यस्मिन् विश्वं प्रतिष्ठितं
Transliteración (IAST)
rohiṇītanayo rāma akārākṣara sambhavaḥ |
taijasātmakaḥ pradyumna ukārākṣarasambhavaḥ |
prājñātmako'niruddho vai makārākṣarasambhavaḥ |
ardhamātrātmakaḥ kṛṣṇo yasmin viśvaṁ pratiṣṭhitaṁ
Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
रोहिणीतनयः रामःrohiṇītanayaḥ rāmaḥRāma, the son of Rohiṇī; Balarāma, son of Rohiṇī
अकाराक्षर सम्भवःakārākṣara sambhavaḥarises from the syllable "a"; proceeding from the letter a
तैजसात्मकः प्रद्युम्नःtaijasātmakaḥ pradyumnaḥPradyumna, whose essence is the luminous; Pradyumna, consisting of the luminous principle
उकाराक्षरसम्भवःukārākṣarasambhavaḥarises from the syllable "u"; proceeding from the letter u
प्राज्ञात्मकः अनिरुद्धःprājñātmakaḥ aniruddhaḥAniruddha, whose essence is the knowing; Aniruddha, consisting of the cognising principle
मकाराक्षरसम्भवःmakārākṣarasambhavaḥarises from the syllable "m"; proceeding from the letter m
अर्धमात्रात्मकः कृष्णःardhamātrātmakaḥ kṛṣṇaḥKṛṣṇa, whose essence is the half-measure; Kṛṣṇa, consisting of the half-syllable
यस्मिन् विश्वम् प्रतिष्ठितम्yasmin viśvam pratiṣṭhitamin whom the universe is established; on whom the whole world rests
Traducción
Balarāma, the son of Rohiṇī, arises from the syllable "a"; Pradyumna, whose essence is the luminous principle, from "u"; Aniruddha, whose essence is the knowing principle, from "m"; and Kṛṣṇa, whose essence is the half-measure, is He in whom the universe is established.
Versión
4696566aca39 · publicado 28 jul 2026, 14:34:47 UTC
Disponible enRUENPasa de verso en verso con
The quaternity is broken down by the parts of the syllable OṀ, and the breakdown follows the pattern of the Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad, where a, u, m and the "half-measure" correspond to the four states of consciousness.
The correspondences are these: Balarāma — "a"; Pradyumna — "u" and taijasa, the luminous principle (the dream state); Aniruddha — "m" and prājña, the knowing principle (deep sleep). And Kṛṣṇa — ardha-mātrā, "the half-measure": that immeasurable trailing sound with which the syllable dies away, corresponding in the Māṇḍūkya to the "fourth", turīya.
Thereby the chief thing is said: Kṛṣṇa is not one of the four in the series but that by which the series is completed and held. And of Him alone it is added: "in whom the universe is established".
Note that Balarāma is named by his mother — "son of Rohiṇī": a family, household name set beside the abstract "taijasa" and "prājña". Here too the book holds both languages together.