奥义书 · Varāha 5.14
॥
天城文
सिद्धान्तश्रवणं चैव ह्रीर्मतिश्च जपो व्रतम् । एते हि नियमाः प्रोक्ता दशधैव महामते
转写 (IAST)
siddhāntaśravaṇaṃ caiva hrīrmatiśca japo vratam | ete hi niyamāḥ proktā daśadhaiva mahāmate
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सिद्धान्त-श्रवणं च एवsiddhānta-śravaṇaṃ ca evaand hearing of the doctrine
ह्रीः मतिः च जपः व्रतम्hrīḥ matiḥ ca japaḥ vratamshame, reflection, repetition, vow
एते हि नियमाः प्रोक्ताःete hi niyamāḥ proktāḥthese indeed are called the observances
दशधा एव महा-मतेdaśadhā eva mahā-matetenfold, O great in wisdom
译文
"And hearing of the doctrine, shame, reflection, repetition, vow — these are called the observances, tenfold, O great in wisdom."
版本
cb3600042983 · 发布于 2026年8月12日 05:00:00 UTC
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Worth noting are two words in this list. The first — siddhanta-shravana, "hearing of the doctrine." That is, hearing is placed among the obligatory practices; and this, in Vaishnava practice, is the first of nine activities — shravana, discussed when reading the Tarasara (1.11).
Worth noting is that it is named here, whereas in nondualist lists reflection is usually preferred. The second — hri, "shame." This word rarely stands in lists of virtues, and its appearance here is curious.
Hri means modesty, bashfulness, the capacity to be embarrassed; and in Vaishnava literature it is one of the properties ascribed to the attained. Let us add what deserves saying of shame as a virtue, for it is not self-evident. Shame is a feeling of another's presence: one is ashamed before someone, and alone with oneself a person does not feel shame, unless he imagines a witness.
So shame presupposes a gaze; and hence it is a virtue essentially relational, not a matter of state. And here, then, is another slip of the same kind noted with the words tripti, ashraya, bhaja: in a list of exercises for a person heading toward undivided oneness stands a quality that cannot be stated without another. The Vaishnava side counts shame important, and explains it thus: the closer a person is to Him, the more visible he becomes to himself; and hence the attained are described not as proud, but as abashed.