SanskritIASTMeaning
शांतनवः भीष्मः अमितद्युतिः गङ्गायां वसुवीर्यात् महावीर्यः महायशाः समभवत्śāṃtanavaḥ bhīṣmaḥ amitadyutiḥ gaṅgāyāṃ vasuvīryāt mahāvīryaḥ mahāyaśāḥ samabhavatBhishma, son of Shantanu, of boundless radiance, was born to Ganga from the seed of [one of] the Vasus, mighty in valor, greatly renowned
पुराणर्षिः अचोरः चोरशङ्कया शूले प्रोतः अणीमाण्डव्यः इति विख्यातःpurāṇarṣiḥ acoraḥ coraśaṅkayā śūle protaḥ aṇīmāṇḍavyaḥ iti vikhyātaḥthe ancient sage, no thief, impaled on a stake on suspicion of theft, became renowned [as] Animandavya
सः महर्षिः धर्मम् आहूय इदं उक्तवान् बाल्यात् मया इषीकया एका शकुन्तिका विद्धाsaḥ maharṣiḥ dharmam āhūya idaṃ uktavān bālyāt mayā iṣīkayā ekā śakuntikā viddhāthat great sage, summoning [the god] Dharma, said to him: in childhood I pierced a little bird with a reed
तत् किल्बिषं स्मरे धर्म अन्यत् पापं न स्मरे तत् सहस्रसमितं कस्मात् मे तपः न अजयत्tat kilbiṣaṃ smare dharma anyat pāpaṃ na smare tat sahasrasamitaṃ kasmāt me tapaḥ na ajayatthat sin I remember, O Dharma, no other sin do I remember; for that — repaid a thousandfold — why did my austerity not overcome it?
सर्वभूतवधात् ब्राह्मणवधः गरीयान् यतः तस्मात् त्वं अस्मात् किल्बिषात् शूद्रयोनौ जनिष्यसिsarvabhūtavadhāt brāhmaṇavadhaḥ garīyān yataḥ tasmāt tvaṃ asmāt kilbiṣāt śūdrayonau janiṣyasi[since] the slaying of a brahmin is graver than the slaying of [any] being, for this sin you shall be born in the womb of a shudra
तेन शापेन धर्मः अपि विद्वान् अकिल्बिषी धार्मी तनुः विदुररूपेण शूद्रयोनौ अजायतtena śāpena dharmaḥ api vidvān akilbiṣī dhārmī tanuḥ vidurarūpeṇa śūdrayonau ajāyataby that curse [the god] Dharma, learned, sinless, [himself] dharma incarnate, was born in the womb of a shudra in the form of Vidura
संजयः मुनिकल्पः सूतः गवल्गणात् जज्ञे सूर्यात् कुन्तिकन्यायां महारथः कर्णः जज्ञे सहजं कवचं बिभ्रत् कुण्डलोद्द्योतिताननःsaṃjayaḥ munikalpaḥ sūtaḥ gavalgaṇāt jajñe sūryāt kuntikanyāyāṃ mahārathaḥ karṇaḥ jajñe sahajaṃ kavacaṃ bibhrat kuṇḍaloddyotitānanaḥSanjaya, resembling a sage, a suta, was born from Gavalgana; from Surya, to the maiden Kunti was born the great warrior Karna, bearing armor born with him, [his] face illumined by earrings
लोकनमस्कृतः विष्णुः लोकानां अनुग्रहार्थं वसुदेवात् देवक्यां महायशाः प्रादुर्भूतःlokanamaskṛtaḥ viṣṇuḥ lokānāṃ anugrahārthaṃ vasudevāt devakyāṃ mahāyaśāḥ prādurbhūtaḥVishnu, honored by the worlds, for the sake of grace to the worlds appeared from Vasudeva to Devaki, greatly renowned
सः अनादिनिधनः देवः जगतः कर्ता प्रभुः अव्यक्तं अक्षरं ब्रह्म प्रधानं निर्गुणात्मकम्saḥ anādinidhanaḥ devaḥ jagataḥ kartā prabhuḥ avyaktaṃ akṣaraṃ brahma pradhānaṃ nirguṇātmakamhe is the god without beginning or end, the creator and lord of the world, the unmanifest, imperishable Brahman, the primal substance, [by nature] beyond the gunas
आत्मानं अव्ययं प्रकृतिं परं प्रभवं पुरुषं विश्वकर्माणं सत्त्वयोगं ध्रुवाक्षरम्ātmānaṃ avyayaṃ prakṛtiṃ paraṃ prabhavaṃ puruṣaṃ viśvakarmāṇaṃ sattvayogaṃ dhruvākṣaram[him —] the unchanging Atman, the supreme nature [and] source, the Purusha, all-creating, [abiding] in goodness, firm and imperishable
अनन्तं अचलं देवं हंसं नारायणं प्रभुं धातारं अजरं नित्यं तं परं अव्ययं आहुःanantaṃ acalaṃ devaṃ haṃsaṃ nārāyaṇaṃ prabhuṃ dhātāraṃ ajaraṃ nityaṃ taṃ paraṃ avyayaṃ āhuḥthe boundless, unmoving god, Hamsa, Narayana, the lord, the ordainer, unaging, eternal — him they call the supreme, the imperishable
सः विभुः पुरुषः कर्ता सर्वभूतपितामहः धर्मसंवर्धनार्थाय अन्धकवृष्णिषु प्रजज्ञेsaḥ vibhuḥ puruṣaḥ kartā sarvabhūtapitāmahaḥ dharmasaṃvardhanārthāya andhakavṛṣṇiṣu prajajñethat all-pervading Purusha, the creator, the grandsire of all beings, for the increase of dharma was born among [the clans of] Andhaka and Vrishni
सात्यकिः कृतवर्मा च अस्त्रज्ञौ नारायणम् अनुव्रतौ सत्यकात् हृदिकात् च जज्ञातेsātyakiḥ kṛtavarmā ca astrajñau nārāyaṇam anuvratau satyakāt hṛdikāt ca jajñāteSatyaki and Kritavarman, [both] masters of weapons, devoted to Narayana, were born from Satyaka and Hridika
भरद्वाजस्य स्कन्नं शुक्रं द्रोण्यां अवर्धत तस्मात् उग्रतपसः महर्षेः द्रोणः व्यजायतbharadvājasya skannaṃ śukraṃ droṇyāṃ avardhata tasmāt ugratapasaḥ maharṣeḥ droṇaḥ vyajāyatathe seed of Bharadvaja, having spilled forth, grew in a vessel (drona); from this, to that great sage of fierce austerity, Drona was born
शरद्वतः गौतमात् शरस्तम्बात् मिथुनं जज्ञे अश्वत्थाम्नः जननी कृपः च महाबलः ततः द्रोणात् अस्त्रभृतां वरः अश्वत्थामा जज्ञेśaradvataḥ gautamāt śarastambāt mithunaṃ jajñe aśvatthāmnaḥ jananī kṛpaḥ ca mahābalaḥ tataḥ droṇāt astrabhṛtāṃ varaḥ aśvatthāmā jajñeto Sharadvata, [descendant] of Gautama, from a clump of reeds was born a twin — the mother of Ashvatthaman [Kripi] and mighty Kripa; then from Drona was born Ashvatthaman, best of those who bear weapons
तथाtathāoriginal form "tathā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
शांतनवोśāṃtanavooriginal form "śāṃtanavo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
गङ्गायाम्gaṅgāyāmoriginal form "gaṅgāyām", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
समभवन्samabhavanoriginal form "samabhavan", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
महावीर्योmahāvīryooriginal form "mahāvīryo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पुराणर्षिर्purāṇarṣiroriginal form "purāṇarṣir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अचोरश्acoraśoriginal form "acoraś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अणीमाण्डव्यaṇīmāṇḍavyaoriginal form "aṇīmāṇḍavya", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
वैvaioriginal form "vai", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सुमहायशाःsumahāyaśāḥoriginal form "sumahāyaśāḥ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पुराpurāoriginal form "purā", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
महर्षिर्maharṣiroriginal form "maharṣir", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
इदम्idamoriginal form "idam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
बाल्याद्bālyādoriginal form "bālyād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नान्यत्nānyatoriginal form "nānyat", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
पापम्pāpamoriginal form "pāpam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अहंahaṃoriginal form "ahaṃ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तन्tanoriginal form "tan", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कस्मान्kasmānoriginal form "kasmān", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
नेहाजयत्nehājayatoriginal form "nehājayat", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सर्वभूतवधाद्sarvabhūtavadhādoriginal form "sarvabhūtavadhād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
किल्बिषाद्kilbiṣādoriginal form "kilbiṣād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अस्माच्asmācoriginal form "asmāc", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
छूद्रयोनौchūdrayonauoriginal form "chūdrayonau", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
धर्मोdharmooriginal form "dharmo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽपि'pioriginal form "'pi", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
शूद्रयोनाव्śūdrayonāvoriginal form "śūdrayonāv", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तनुर्tanuroriginal form "tanur", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
संजयोsaṃjayooriginal form "saṃjayo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
मुनिकल्पस्munikalpasoriginal form "munikalpas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुtuoriginal form "tu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सूतोsūtooriginal form "sūto", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सूर्याच्sūryācoriginal form "sūryāc", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कर्णोkarṇooriginal form "karṇo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
विष्णुर्viṣṇuroriginal form "viṣṇur", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुtuoriginal form "tu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रादुर्भूतोprādurbhūtooriginal form "prādurbhūto", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अनादिनिधनोanādinidhanooriginal form "anādinidhano", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अव्यक्तम्avyaktamoriginal form "avyaktam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
आत्मानम्ātmānamoriginal form "ātmānam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चैवcaivaoriginal form "caiva", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
परम्paramoriginal form "param", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अनन्तम्anantamoriginal form "anantam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
प्रभुम्prabhumoriginal form "prabhum", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
धातारम्dhātāramoriginal form "dhātāram", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तम्tamoriginal form "tam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
परम्paramoriginal form "param", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अव्ययम्avyayamoriginal form "avyayam", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सsaoriginal form "sa", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽन्धकवृष्णिषु'ndhakavṛṣṇiṣuoriginal form "'ndhakavṛṣṇiṣu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तुtuoriginal form "tu", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
महावीर्यौmahāvīryauoriginal form "mahāvīryau", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सर्वशस्त्रविशारदौsarvaśastraviśāradauoriginal form "sarvaśastraviśāradau", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
सत्यकाद्satyakādoriginal form "satyakād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
धृदिकाच्dhṛdikācoriginal form "dhṛdikāc", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चैवcaivaoriginal form "caiva", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ऽस्त्रविशारदौ'straviśāradauoriginal form "'straviśāradau", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
शुक्रम्śukramoriginal form "śukram", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
महर्षेर्maharṣeroriginal form "maharṣer", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
उग्रतपसस्ugratapasasoriginal form "ugratapasas", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
तस्माद्tasmādoriginal form "tasmād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
द्रोणोdroṇooriginal form "droṇo", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
गौतमान्gautamānoriginal form "gautamān", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
शरस्तम्बाच्śarastambācoriginal form "śarastambāc", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
छरद्वतःcharadvataḥoriginal form "charadvataḥ", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
अश्वत्थाम्नश्aśvatthāmnaśoriginal form "aśvatthāmnaś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चcaoriginal form "ca", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
कृपश्kṛpaśoriginal form "kṛpaś", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
चैवcaivaoriginal form "caiva", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
ततोtatooriginal form "tato", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
द्रोणाद्droṇādoriginal form "droṇād", added to complete the word-by-word coverage
Here is the heart of the whole chapter: amid the list of heroic births, the appearance of Vishnu Himself as Krishna is proclaimed. It is significant that the scripture, having listed men and demigods, pauses and bursts into a hymn to Krishna: 'without beginning or end, the creator and lord of the world... Narayana... the supreme, the imperishable.' Here is the core of the teaching: Krishna is not one hero among others but the Supreme Lord Himself (Svayam Bhagavan), descended 'for the sake of grace to the worlds and the increase of dharma' (cf. Gita 4.7-8). The name of the place of His appearance is also significant: the clans of Andhaka and Vrishni — that is, the Lord comes not in the splendor of a kingdom but into a pastoral clan, showing His closeness to the humble. Note too the other wondrous births: the god Dharma as Vidura (by the curse of Animandavya) — righteousness embodied in the 'low' womb of a shudra, to show that dharma knows no boundaries of caste; Karna — son of the Sun and Kunti, whose secret will become the mainspring of tragedy; Drona, Kripa, Ashvatthaman — teachers of the art of war. Thus the scripture reveals that behind the human faces of the epic stand descended gods and powers; and above them all — Krishna Himself, for whose sake everything unfolds.