भूः भुवः सुवः इति वै एताः तिस्रः व्याहृतयः तासाम् उ ह स्म एताम् चतुर्थीम् माहाचमस्यः प्रवेदयते महः इति तत् ब्रह्म सः आत्मा अङ्गानि अन्याः देवताः भूः इति वै अयम् लोकः भुवः इति अन्तरिक्षम् सुवः इति असौ लोकः महः इति आदित्यः आदित्येन वै सर्वे लोकाः महीयन्ते भूः इति वै अग्निः भुवः इति वायुः सुवः इति आदित्यः महः इति चन्द्रमाः चन्द्रमसा वै सर्वाणि ज्योतींषि महीयन्ते भूः इति वै ऋचः भुवः इति सामानि सुवः इति यजूंषि महः इति ब्रह्म ब्रह्मणा वै सर्वे वेदाः महीयन्ते भूः इति वै प्राणः भुवः इति अपानः सुवः इति व्यानः महः इति अन्नम् अन्नेन वै सर्वे प्राणाः महीयन्ते ताः वै एताः चतस्रः चतुर्धा चतस्रः चतस्रः व्याहृतयः ताः यः वेद सः वेद ब्रह्म सर्वे अस्मै देवाः बलिम् आवहन्ति
bhūḥ bhuvaḥ suvaḥ iti vai etāḥ tisraḥ vyāhṛtayaḥ tāsām u ha sma etām caturthīm māhācamasyaḥ pravedayate mahaḥ iti tat brahma saḥ ātmā aṅgāni anyāḥ devatāḥ bhūḥ iti vai ayam lokaḥ bhuvaḥ iti antarikṣam suvaḥ iti asau lokaḥ mahaḥ iti ādityaḥ ādityena vai sarve lokāḥ mahīyante bhūḥ iti vai agniḥ bhuvaḥ iti vāyuḥ suvaḥ iti ādityaḥ mahaḥ iti candramāḥ candramasā vai sarvāṇi jyotīṃṣi mahīyante bhūḥ iti vai ṛcaḥ bhuvaḥ iti sāmāni suvaḥ iti yajūṃṣi mahaḥ iti brahma brahmaṇā vai sarve vedāḥ mahīyante bhūḥ iti vai prāṇaḥ bhuvaḥ iti apānaḥ suvaḥ iti vyānaḥ mahaḥ iti annam annena vai sarve prāṇāḥ mahīyante tāḥ vai etāḥ catasraḥ caturdhā catasraḥ catasraḥ vyāhṛtayaḥ tāḥ yaḥ veda saḥ veda brahma sarve asmai devāḥ balim āvahanti
Bhūḥ, Bhuvaḥ, Suvaḥ — these are the three utterances. But the fourth of them — Mahaḥ — was made known by Māhācamasya: that is Brahman, that is the Ātman; the other deities are its limbs. Bhūḥ is this world, Bhuvaḥ the mid-region, Suvaḥ that world, Mahaḥ the sun: by the sun all the worlds are magnified. Bhūḥ is fire, Bhuvaḥ the wind, Suvaḥ the sun, Mahaḥ the moon: by the moon all the luminaries are magnified. Bhūḥ is the Ṛg verses, Bhuvaḥ the chants, Suvaḥ the sacrificial formulas, Mahaḥ Brahman: by Brahman all the Vedas are magnified. Bhūḥ is the in-breath, Bhuvaḥ the out-breath, Suvaḥ the diffused breath, Mahaḥ food: by food all the breaths are magnified. These four are fourfold: four and four utterances. He who knows them knows Brahman; to him all the gods bring tribute.
0c929710a421 · 发布于 2026年7月26日 19:50:25 UTC
可用语言RUEN用方向键翻颂
A lesson on the vyāhṛtis — the sacred utterances. bhūr bhuvaḥ suvaḥ — three words with which every rite is daily hallowed (they belong to the Gāyatrī): the three storeys of the world — earth, mid-region, heaven. But the Upaniṣad hands on the discovery of the sage Māhācamasya: there is a fourth — mahaḥ, "the Great": tad brahma sa ātmā — "that is Brahman, that is the Ātman": behind the three visible storeys is a Fourth, their ground and glory (as the fourth pāda of the Māṇḍūkya stands behind the three states: the same architecture!).
And then four rows of correspondences: among the worlds Mahaḥ is the sun (by it they are "magnified", mahīyante — from it all the worlds have their weight and light); among the luminaries, the moon (the measure and nourishment of radiances); among the Vedas, Brahman (the very Spirit of scripture, by which the texts live); among the breaths, food (the support of all the prāṇas). The logic of the rows is one: each row has three obvious members and a fourth — the nourisher, by whom the three stand: the exercise trains one to look, in any set, for the invisible Feeder.
sa veda brahma — "he knows Brahman": to know the fourth in every row is the beginning of brahma-vidyā: the world is everywhere three-storeyed to the eye and four-storeyed in truth. sarve 'smai devā balim āvahanti — "to him all the gods bring tribute": one who has recognised Him by whom the gods themselves are great receives the service of the powers — for he honours not the servants but the Master (the same law as later in the Taittirīya: "out of fear of Him the wind blows…").