Upanishads · Gopāla-tāpanī Uttara 103
॥
Devanāgarī
ओं कृष्णाय रामाय
ओं तत्सद् भूर्भुवः
स्वस्तस्मै वै नमो नमः
Transliteration (IAST)
oṁ kṛṣṇāya rāmāya
oṁ tatsad bhūrbhuvaḥ
svastasmai vai namo namaḥ
Word-by-word
SanskritIASTMeaning
ओं कृष्णायoṁ kṛṣṇāyaoṁ, to Kṛṣṇa; oṁ, to the All-attractive
रामायrāmāyato Rāma; to Balarāma
ओं तत् सत्oṁ tat satoṁ, that is the truth; oṁ, that is the real
भूः भुवः स्वःbhūḥ bhuvaḥ svaḥearth, air, heaven; the three worlds
तस्मै वै नमः नमःtasmai vai namaḥ namaḥto Him obeisance and obeisance; to him precisely homage again and again
Translation
Oṁ, to Kṛṣṇa, to Rāma. Oṁ, that is the truth; earth, air, heaven. To Him obeisance and obeisance.
Version
9314347dd6a6 · published Jul 28, 2026, 2:36:50 PM UTC
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An invocation to two: Kṛṣṇa and Rāma — that is, Balarāma, the son of Rohiṇī, named in mantra 69 the first letter of the syllable OṀ.
The quaternity, broken down in the previous invocations, is here reduced to a pair — the elder brother and the younger. In the daily life of Vraja this pair is inseparable, and tradition almost never speaks of one without the other.
Note that the litany, running through the names, never once calls them "different deities": all the invocations end with the same "obeisance to Him", tasmai. The bow is made to one.
This is the answer to Brahmā's question of mantra 64 — "if the deities are four, how then is God one?" — given in the language of worship: however many names are uttered, the obeisance is one.
The next invocation will name udāna, and after it will follow a name linked no longer to Vraja but to Mathurā: "the son of Devakī".