奥义书 Subāla 3.2

Subāla UpaniṣadSubāla 3.2

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奥义书 · Subāla 3.2

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天城文

अप्रमाणममुखमश्रोत्रमवागमनोऽतेजस्कम् अचक्षुष्कमनामगोत्रमशिरस्कम् अपाणिपादमस्निग्धमलोहितमप्रमेयम् अह्रस्वमदीर्घमस्थूलमनण्वनल्पमपारम् अनिर्देश्यमनपावृतमप्रतर्क्यम् अप्रकाश्यमसंवृतमनन्तरमबाह्यं न तदश्नाति किञ्चन न तदश्नाति कश्चन

转写 (IAST)

apramāṇamamukhamaśrotramavāgamano'tejaskam acakṣuṣkamanāmagotramaśiraskam apāṇipādamasnigdhamalohitamaprameyam ahrasvamadīrghamasthūlamanaṇvanalpamapāram anirdeśyamanapāvṛtamapratarkyam aprakāśyamasaṃvṛtamanantaramabāhyaṃ na tadaśnāti kiñcana na tadaśnāti kaścana

逐字释义

梵语IAST释义

अप्रमाणम् अमुखम्apramāṇam amukhammeasureless, mouthless; without measure and without mouth

अश्रोत्रम् अवाक्aśrotram avākearless, speechless; without hearing and without speech

अमनः अतेजस्कम्amanaḥ atejaskammindless, without lustre; without thought and without heat

अचक्षुष्कम्acakṣuṣkameyeless; without eye

अनामगोत्रम् अशिरस्कम्anāmagotram aśiraskamnameless, kinless, headless; without name, lineage or head

अपाणिपादम्apāṇipādamhandless, footless; without hands and feet

अस्निग्धम् अलोहितम्asnigdham alohitamnot unctuous, bloodless; without moisture and without blood

अप्रमेयम्aprameyamimmeasurable; incalculable

अह्रस्वम् अदीर्घम्ahrasvam adīrghamnot short, not long; neither small nor extended

अस्थूलम् अनणु अनल्पम्asthūlam anaṇu analpamnot coarse, not minute, not little; neither dense nor atomic

अपारम् अनिर्देश्यम्apāram anirdeśyamboundless, unindicable; without edge, yielding to no pointing

अनपावृतम् अप्रतर्क्यम्anapāvṛtam apratarkyamuncovered, ungraspable by reason; unconcealed, not taken by argument

अप्रकाश्यम् असंवृतम्aprakāśyam asaṃvṛtamunrevealable, unencompassed; not to be illumined, unenclosed

अनन्तरम् अबाह्यम्anantaram abāhyamwithout inside, without outside; without inner and without outer

न तत् अश्नाति किञ्चनna tat aśnāti kiñcanait eats nothing; that partakes of nothing

न तत् अश्नाति कश्चनna tat aśnāti kaścanaand nothing eats it; and no one devours it

译文

Measureless, mouthless, earless, speechless, mindless, without lustre, eyeless, nameless and kinless, headless, handless and footless, not unctuous, bloodless, immeasurable, not short and not long, not coarse, not minute, not little, boundless, unindicable, uncovered, ungraspable by reason, unrevealable, unencompassed, without inside and without outside. It eats nothing, and nothing eats it.

注释

The negations continue and are carried to the limit: there are about thirty of them here in a row, and every one removes something by which we usually describe what exists.

Removed are the organs: mouth, ear, speech, mind, eye, head, hands, feet. Removed is substance: unctuousness, blood. Removed are dimensions: the short and the long, the coarse and the minute, the little. Removed are name and kin. Removed is even the possibility of approach: unindicable, ungraspable by reason.

A pair at the end stands apart: “without inside and without outside”. This is the strongest of the negations, for the division into within and without is the first condition of every representation. Taking it away, the Upaniṣad takes from the mind its last foothold.

Here one must keep a measure for which the book itself will provide further on. All these “without” deny not the being of the Highest but our yardstick. What is denied is the materiality of organs, not the capacity to see and hear; in the sixth khaṇḍa this same book will name Him Nārāyaṇa, mother and father, refuge and friend. Were it not for that continuation, the negations would turn into a description of emptiness.

And the last line leads out of the row: “it eats nothing, and nothing eats it”. In the Upaniṣads eating is the image of every dependence: he who eats is in need; he who is eaten is in another's power. Here both are rejected. He of whom the speech is needs nothing and falls to no one as food.

And this is no longer a negation at all, but a positive property spoken negatively: complete self-sufficiency.

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e487ecb89ae2 · 发布于 2026年7月29日 04:12:03 UTC

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