Bhagavad Gita · 13.21
॥
Devanāgarī
कार्यकारणकर्तृत्वे हेतुः प्रकृतिरुच्यते ।
पुरुषः सुखदुःखानां भोक्तृत्वे हेतुरुच्यते ॥
Transliteration (IAST)
kārya-kāraṇa-kartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtir ucyate |
puruṣaḥ sukha-duḥkhānāṁ bhoktṛtve hetur ucyate ||
Word-by-word
SanskritIASTMeaning
कार्यकारणकर्तृत्वेkārya-kāraṇa-kartṛtvein the activity (kartṛtve) of the body (kārya) and the senses (kāraṇa).
हेतुःhetuḥthe cause.
प्रकृतिःprakṛtiḥmaterial nature (prakṛti).
उच्यतेucyateis called.
पुरुषःpuruṣaḥthe living being (puruṣa, the soul).
सुखदुःखानाम्sukha-duḥkhānāmof happiness (sukha) and suffering (duḥkha).
भोक्तृत्वेbhoktṛtvein the experiencing, in the enjoying.
हेतुःhetuḥthe cause.
उच्यतेucyateis called.
Translation
“It is said that material nature (prakṛti) is the cause of all material activity and its consequences, while the living being (puruṣa) is the cause of the experience of happiness and suffering in this world.”
Version
cbff0644eb94 · published Jul 2, 2026, 12:00:00 PM UTC
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