रुद्राय नमः । आदित्याय नमः । विनायकाय नमः । सूर्याय नमः । विद्यायै नमः । इन्द्राय नमः । अग्नये नमः । पित्रो नमः । निरृतये नमः । वारुणाय नमः । मरुते नमः । कुबेराय नमः । ईशानाय नमः । ब्रह्मणे नमः । सर्वाभ्यो देवताभ्यो नमः
rudrāya namaḥ | ādityāya namaḥ | vināyakāya namaḥ | sūryāya namaḥ | vidyāyai namaḥ | indrāya namaḥ | agnaye namaḥ | pitro namaḥ | nirṛtaye namaḥ | vāruṇāya namaḥ | marute namaḥ | kuberāya namaḥ | īśānāya namaḥ | brahmaṇe namaḥ | sarvābhyo devatābhyo namaḥ
Obeisance to Rudra, obeisance to Āditya, obeisance to Vināyaka, obeisance to Sūrya, obeisance to Knowledge, obeisance to Indra, obeisance to Agni, obeisance to the ancestor, obeisance to Nirṛti, obeisance to Varuṇa, obeisance to the wind, obeisance to Kubera, obeisance to Īśāna, obeisance to Brahmā — and obeisance to all the deities.
e9a45099de63 · 发布于 2026年7月28日 14:36:50 UTC
可用语言RUEN用方向键翻颂
After the litany to Gopāla follows an obeisance to all the gods by name: to Rudra, Āditya, Vināyaka, Sūrya, Vidyā-knowledge, Indra, Agni, the ancestor, Nirṛti, Varuṇa, the wind, Kubera, Īśāna, Brahmā — and, so that none be forgotten, "to all the deities".
In the list one easily recognises the guardians of the eight quarters — Indra, Agni, Yama the ancestor, Nirṛti, Varuṇa, Vāyu, Kubera, Īśāna — as well as the luminaries and the creator.
This obeisance at the close of a book that has declared Kṛṣṇa the supreme Deity says more about its cast than any argument. Seniority is not asserted by abolishing the others: the gods are named and honoured, each by name.
The same was true in the description of the abode, where alongside the woods twenty-four shrines and eight "lords" were listed.
Vedānta will later express this as a rule: "Hari is always to be worshipped; and let Brahmā and Rudra never be despised." Here the same is done without a formula — simply by obeisances.