奥义书 Nṛsiṃha-tāpanī Pūrva 1.15

Nṛsiṃha-tāpanī UpaniṣadNṛsiṃha-tāpanī Pūrva 1.15

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奥义书 · Nṛsiṃha-tāpanī Pūrva 1.15

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天城文

विष्णुं प्रथमान्त्यं मुखं द्वितीयान्त्यं भद्रं तृतीयान्त्यं म्यहं चतुर्थ्यान्तं साम जानीयाद्यो जानीते सोऽमृतत्वं च गच्छति । योऽसौ यदिदं किञ्चात्मनि ब्रह्मण्येवानुष्टुभं जानीयाद्यो जानीते सोऽमृतत्वं च गच्छति ॥ य इहैव स्थातुमपेक्षते तस्मै सर्वैश्वैर्यं ददाति । यत्र कुत्रापि म्रियते देहान्ते देवः परमं ब्रह्म तारकं व्याचष्टे येनासावमृतीभूत्वा सोऽमृतत्वं च गच्छति

转写 (IAST)

viṣṇuṃ prathamāntyaṃ mukhaṃ dvitīyāntyaṃ bhadraṃ tṛtīyāntyaṃ myahaṃ caturthyāntaṃ sāma jānīyādyo jānīte so'mṛtatvaṃ ca gacchati | yo'sau yadidaṃ kiñcātmani brahmaṇyevānuṣṭubhaṃ jānīyādyo jānīte so'mṛtatvaṃ ca gacchati || ya ihaiva sthātumapekṣate tasmai sarvaiśvairyaṃ dadāti | yatra kutrāpi mriyate dehānte devaḥ paramaṃ brahma tārakaṃ vyācaṣṭe yenāsāvamṛtībhūtvā so'mṛtatvaṃ ca gacchati

逐字释义

梵语IAST释义

विष्णुम् प्रथमान्त्यम्viṣṇum prathamāntyam“viṣṇu” — the end of the first; “viṣṇum” — the close of the first

मुखम् द्वितीयान्त्यम्mukham dvitīyāntyam“mukha” — the end of the second; “mukham” — the close of the second

भद्रम् तृतीयान्त्यम्bhadram tṛtīyāntyam“bhadra” — the end of the third; “bhadram” — the close of the third

म्यहम् चतुर्थ्यान्तम्myaham caturthyāntam“myaham” — the end of the fourth; “myaham” — the close of the fourth

यः असौ यत् इदम् किञ्चyaḥ asau yat idam kiñcahe who is all that is; the one who is everything existing

आत्मनि ब्रह्मणि अनुष्टुभम् जानीयात्ātmani brahmaṇi anuṣṭubham jānīyātlet him know the anuṣṭubh in the Ātman, in Brahman; let him understand the anuṣṭubh in the ātman and Brahman

यः इह एव स्थातुम् अपेक्षतेyaḥ iha eva sthātum apekṣatewho wishes to remain here; the one who wants to stay in this world

तस्मै सर्वैश्वर्यम् ददातिtasmai sarvaiśvaryam dadātito him he gives all lordship; to him he grants every might

यत्र कुत्रापि म्रियतेyatra kutrāpi mriyatewherever he may die; let him die anywhere at all

देहान्ते देवः परमम् ब्रह्मdehānte devaḥ paramam brahmaat the body's end the God, the highest Brahman; at the going forth from flesh the deity, supreme Brahman

तारकम् व्याचष्टेtārakam vyācaṣṭeexpounds the ferrying one; declaims the tāraka

येन असौ अमृतीभूत्वाyena asau amṛtībhūtvāby which he, having become immortal; whereby he, gaining deathlessness

译文

“Viṣṇu” is the end of the first quarter, “mukha” — of the second, “bhadra” — of the third, “myaham” — of the fourth: let him know this chant; who knows attains immortality. And who in the Ātman, in Brahman, knows the anuṣṭubh as that which is all that is — he attains immortality. Who wishes to remain here, to him he gives all lordship; and wherever such a one dies, at the departure from the body the God, the highest Brahman, expounds to him the ferrying one, by which he, having become immortal, attains immortality.

注释

The riddle is told out: the last words of the quarters — “viṣṇu”, “mukha”, “bhadra”, “myaham”.

Let us now put together what the four paragraphs have given. The first words: ugra, jvala, nṛsiṃha, mṛtyu. The second: vīra, taṁ sa, haṁ bhī, mṛtyum. The third: mahā, ṣaṇa, nāma. The last: viṣṇu, mukha, bhadra, myaham.

The anuṣṭubh assembles: “Ugraṁ vīraṁ mahāviṣṇuṁ jvalantaṁ sarvatomukham, nṛsiṃhaṁ bhīṣaṇaṁ bhadraṁ mṛtyu-mṛtyuṁ namāmy aham.”

“To the terrible, the valiant, the great Viṣṇu, the blazing, with face turned everywhere, the man-lion, the fearsome, the good, the death of death itself — I bow.”

Note how this name is built. The epithets in a row are dread ones: terrible, valiant, blazing, man-lion, fearsome. And in their midst — bhadra, “the good”. And at the end — mṛtyu-mṛtyu, “the death of death”.

In this is the whole of Nṛsiṃha: the terrible is called good not in spite, but therefore. He is terrible to that which kills what kills us.

The second half of the paragraph adds a promise familiar from the Rāma-tāpanī: at the departure from the body the Deity expounds to the dying the tāraka, “the ferrying one”. There Rudra did it in Kāśī; here — He Himself.

And the proviso: yatra kutrāpi mriyate — “wherever he may die”. No place is named. Kāśī is not needed here.

版本

a67593b90025 · 发布于 2026年7月29日 04:39:50 UTC

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