奥义书 · Nṛsiṃha-tāpanī Pūrva 2.17
॥
天城文
अथ कस्मादुच्यतेऽहमिति । अहमस्मि प्रथमजा ऋतस्य पूर्वं देवेभ्यो अमृतस्य नाभिः । यो मा ददाति स इ देवमावाः अहमन्नमन्नमदन्तमद्मि । अहं विश्वं भुवनमभ्यभवां सुवर्णज्योतिर्य एवं वेदेति महोपनिषत्
转写 (IAST)
atha kasmāducyate'hamiti | ahamasmi prathamajā ṛtasya pūrvaṃ devebhyo amṛtasya nābhiḥ | yo mā dadāti sa i devamāvāḥ ahamannamannamadantamadmi | ahaṃ viśvaṃ bhuvanamabhyabhavāṃ suvarṇajyotirya evaṃ vedeti mahopaniṣat
逐字释义
梵语IAST释义
अथ कस्मात् उच्यते अहम् इतिatha kasmāt ucyate aham itiwhy then is “aham” said; wherefore is “I” spoken
अहम् अस्मि प्रथमजा ऋतस्यaham asmi prathamajā ṛtasyaI am the first-born of order; I am the firstling of ṛta
पूर्वम् देवेभ्यः अमृतस्य नाभिःpūrvam devebhyaḥ amṛtasya nābhiḥbefore the gods, the navel of immortality; earlier than the gods, the hub of amṛta
यः मा ददातिyaḥ mā dadātiwho gives me; the one bestowing me
सः इद् एव माम् आवाःsaḥ id eva mām āvāḥhe it is that keeps me; that one guards me
अहम् अन्नम् अन्नम् अदन्तम् अद्मिaham annam annam adantam admiI am food; I eat the eater of food; I am victuals, and I eat the one eating victuals
अहम् विश्वम् भुवनम् अभ्यभवाम्aham viśvam bhuvanam abhyabhavāmI overcame the whole world; I prevailed over all the universe
सुवर्णज्योतिःsuvarṇajyotiḥgolden light; the radiance of gold
यः एवम् वेद इति महोपनिषत्yaḥ evam veda iti mahopaniṣatwho so knows — such is the great upaniṣad; the one who understands this; this is the great secret
译文
“And why is ‘aham’ said?” — “‘I am the first-born of order, before the gods, the navel of immortality; who gives me, he it is that keeps me. I am food, and I eat him who eats food; I overcame the whole world, I am the golden light.’ Who so knows — such is the great upaniṣad.”
版本
8a4dee05df33 · 发布于 2026年7月29日 04:39:50 UTC
可用语言RUEN用方向键翻颂
The last word of the mantra is aham, “I” — and it is explained by the boldest text of Vedic literature: the speech of Vāc, the goddess of Speech, from the Ṛg-veda, and a verse from the Taittirīya.
“I am the first-born of order, before the gods, the navel of immortality.”
This is not the worshipper speaking of himself. This is That which is worshipped speaking — and speaking in the first person.
That is why the mantra ends with the word “I”. Thirty-one syllables were addressed to Another; the last proves to be His own speech.
Then — a turn that makes one uneasy: ahaṁ annam annam adantam admi — “I am food, and I eat him who eats food”.
A line from the Taittirīya, from the hymn of exultation with which that whole Upaniṣad ends. Its meaning is this: there is no position in which He is not both sides. He is both the victuals and the eater; both the eaten and that which will eat the eater.
Recall the thirty-third section of the Atharvaśiras, where He was called mahā-grāsa, “the Great Devourer”, and where it was said with what He devours: “being with being, the subtle with the subtle”.
And the last word: suvarṇa-jyotiḥ — “the golden light”.
The second Upaniṣad is finished. The mantra has been named, counted, parsed word by word and explained entire — except one word, “bhadra”, of which the transmitted text is silent.