Upaniṣads · Mahā 1.10
॥
Devanāgarī
स ब्रह्मा स ईशानः सेन्द्रः सोऽक्षरः परमः स्वराडिति महोपनिषत्
Transliteración (IAST)
sa brahmā sa īśānaḥ sendraḥ so'kṣaraḥ paramaḥ svarāḍiti mahopaniṣat
Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
सः ब्रह्मा सः ईशानःsaḥ brahmā saḥ īśānaḥhe is Brahmā, he is Īśāna; he is both Brahmā and Īśāna
सः इन्द्रःsaḥ indraḥhe is Indra; he too is Indra
सः अक्षरः परमः स्वराट्saḥ akṣaraḥ paramaḥ svarāṭhe is the imperishable, the highest self-ruler; he is the undecaying, the supreme sovereign
इति महोपनिषत्iti mahopaniṣatsuch is the great upaniṣad; this is the mahopaniṣad
Traducción
He is Brahmā, he is Īśāna, he is Indra, he is the imperishable, the highest self-ruler. Such is the great upaniṣad.
Versión
9ccc0f17e708 · publicado 29 jul 2026, 6:29:20 UTC
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The first adhyāya ends with a list of names, and the list gathers all that was said.
Recall the beginning: “there was neither Brahmā nor Īśāna.” They were not — and now they are named He.
In this is the whole course of the adhyāya. First the negation: it was listed what was not. Then the birth: from the forehead Śiva, from the waters Brahmā, from the four faces the four Vedas. And at last — the return: everything born is named by Him who bore.
Note that the names stand in the same order in which they were denied in the first paragraph: Brahmā, Īśāna. The ring is closed deliberately.
Svarāṭ — “the self-king”, he who shines and rules of himself, receiving power from no one. This word stood already in the eighth paragraph of the first Upaniṣad of the Nṛsiṃha-tāpanī, and there too it closed a list of names.
Here the prose ends, and with it ends that for whose sake Baladeva cites this book.
Further begins another composition — five adhyāyas of verse on how to cease from restlessness without waiting for death. It is connected with this cosmogony neither in language nor in subject; and yet it is set under one cover, and it will begin with a man who was born already knowing the truth — and still found no peace.