Upaniṣads · Mahā 4.75
॥
Devanāgarī
अविशेषेण सर्वं तु यः पश्यति चिदन्वयात् स एव साक्षाद्विज्ञानी स शिवः स हरिर्विधिः
Transliteración (IAST)
aviśeṣeṇa sarvaṃ tu yaḥ paśyati cidanvayāt sa eva sākṣādvijñānī sa śivaḥ sa harirvidhiḥ
Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
अविशेषेण सर्वम् तुaviśeṣeṇa sarvam tubut everything without distinction; all, however, without discrimination
यः पश्यति चित्-अन्वयात्yaḥ paśyati cit-anvayātwho sees, by its connection with consciousness; who beholds, by its belonging to awareness
सः एव साक्षात् विज्ञानीsaḥ eva sākṣāt vijñānīhe is the true knower indeed; he verily is the real understander
सः शिवः सः हरिः विधिःsaḥ śivaḥ saḥ hariḥ vidhiḥhe is Śiva, he is Hari, he the Creator; he Śiva, he Hari, he the Ordainer
Traducción
“Who sees all without distinction, by its connection with consciousness — he is the true knower indeed; he is Śiva, he is Hari, he is the Creator.”
Versión
584cc8276cc7 · publicado 29 jul 2026, 6:29:20 UTC
Disponible enRUENPasa de verso en verso con
At first glance the verse speaks of merging, but in fact of seeing.
One must look cid-anvayāt — “by the connection with consciousness”: to see in everything that by which everything is held, not that by which it differs.
The word aviśeṣeṇa, “without distinction”, means not blindness to difference, but a refusal to measure worth by difference. The differences remain; they cease to determine the relation.
The second half is one of those passages where caution is needed.
“He is Śiva, he is Hari, he is the Creator” could be read as “he is God”. Such a reading would contradict 4.70, where the same text speaks of the Lord “worshipped by all the gods”.
It must be read otherwise, and in that reading the verse agrees with the whole book: he who sees thus is their own; he is not different from them in the sense in which an ember is not different from the fire. This is the language of praise, not of identification in dominion.
Note too that all three names stand side by side. To dispute which of them is higher is exactly that vāda against which the previous verse warned.