Upaniṣads · Mahā 2.73
॥
Devanāgarī
अतिबाह्यं तथा बाह्यमन्तराभ्यन्तरं धियः शुक पश्यन्न पश्येस्त्वं साक्षी सम्पूर्णकेवलः
Transliteración (IAST)
atibāhyaṃ tathā bāhyamantarābhyantaraṃ dhiyaḥ śuka paśyanna paśyestvaṃ sākṣī sampūrṇakevalaḥ
Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
अति-बाह्यम् तथा बाह्यम्ati-bāhyam tathā bāhyamthe beyond-outer and the outer; the transcendently external and the simply external
अन्तर-अभ्यन्तरम् धियःantara-abhyantaram dhiyaḥthe inner and the inmost of reason; the internal and the deep-internal of the mind
शुक पश्यन् न पश्येः त्वम्śuka paśyan na paśyeḥ tvamO Śuka, seeing, thou shouldst not see; O Śuka, while looking, look thou not
साक्षी सम्पूर्ण-केवलःsākṣī sampūrṇa-kevalaḥa witness, all-full, alone; a beholder, wholly complete, single
Traducción
“The outer and the beyond-outer, the inner and the inmost of reason — seeing all this, O Śuka, do not look: be a witness, all-full and alone.”
Versión
f3c62711cda9 · publicado 29 jul 2026, 6:29:20 UTC
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Janaka's final instruction — and it is composed of a single contradiction: paśyan na paśyeḥ, “seeing, do not look”.
It is no riddle. The first verb is of sight, the second of peering. Look at everything and peer into nothing; let the visible pass without detaining you upon itself.
The four regions are listed deliberately in pairs: the outer and what lies beyond it, the inner and what lies deeper than it. It is shown that the rule is one for the world and for one's own depths alike.
The last deserves special note. Scrutinizing one's inner states is an occupation as clinging as scrutinizing another's goods.
And the definition: sākṣī sampūrṇa-kevalaḥ — “a witness, all-full, alone”. The word kevala means “one, by itself, without admixture”.
These are the teaching's last words. From here on only the narrative speaks.