奥义书 Rāma-tāpanī Uttara 2.3

Rāma-tāpanī UpaniṣadRāma-tāpanī Uttara 2.3

1946 / 6055

奥义书 · Rāma-tāpanī Uttara 2.3

॥

天城文

अकारः प्रथमाक्षरो भवति । उकारो द्वितीयाक्षरो भवति । मकारस्तृतीयाक्षरो भवति । अर्धमात्रश्चतुर्थाक्षरो भवति । बिन्दुः पञ्चमाक्षरो भवति । नादः षष्ठाक्षरो भवति । तारकत्वात्तारको भवति । तदेव तारकं ब्रह्म त्वं विद्धि । तदेवोपासितव्यमिति ज्ञेयम् । गर्भजन्मजरामरणसंसारमहद्भयात् संतारयतीति । तस्मादुच्यते षडक्षरं तारकमिति

转写 (IAST)

逐字释义

梵语IAST释义

अकारः प्रथमाक्षरः भवतिakāraḥ prathamākṣaraḥ bhavati“a” is the first sound; the sound “a” comes first

उकारः द्वितीयाक्षरःukāraḥ dvitīyākṣaraḥ“u” — the second sound; “u” — the second

मकारः तृतीयाक्षरःmakāraḥ tṛtīyākṣaraḥ“m” — the third sound; “m” — the third

अर्धमात्रः चतुर्थाक्षरःardhamātraḥ caturthākṣaraḥthe half-measure — the fourth sound; the half-vowel — the fourth

बिन्दुः पञ्चमाक्षरःbinduḥ pañcamākṣaraḥthe dot — the fifth sound; the bindu — the fifth

नादः षष्ठाक्षरः भवतिnādaḥ ṣaṣṭhākṣaraḥ bhavatithe hum is the sixth sound; the nāda — the sixth

तारकत्वात् तारकः भवतिtārakatvāt tārakaḥ bhavatifrom its ferrying power it is “tāraka”; because it ferries, it is called tāraka

तत् एव तारकम् ब्रह्मtat eva tārakam brahmathat is the ferrying Brahman; this is the tāraka-Brahman

त्वम् विद्धिtvam viddhiknow thou; understand it

गर्भजन्मजरामरणसंसारgarbhajanmajarāmaraṇasaṃsārafrom womb, birth, old age, death, the round; from the womb, birth, decay, dying, saṁsāra

महद्भयात् संतारयति इतिmahadbhayāt saṃtārayati itifrom the great fear it ferries across; from the great terror it carries over

तस्मात् उच्यते षडक्षरम् तारकम् इतिtasmāt ucyate ṣaḍakṣaram tārakam ititherefore the six-syllabled is called the ferrying one; hence the six-syllabled is named tāraka

译文

“A” is the first sound, “u” — the second, “m” — the third, the half-measure — the fourth, the dot — the fifth, the hum — the sixth. From its ferrying power it is called the tāraka; know it as the ferrying Brahman. It ferries across from the great fear of the womb, of birth, of old age, of death and of the round — therefore it is called the six-syllable tāraka.

注释

The analysis is given, and it shows that the six-syllable mantra of Rāma and the syllable Oṁ are one and the same, differently resolved.

The parts are listed: a, u, m, the half-measure, the dot, the hum. The first three are the known resolution of Oṁ which the Māṇḍūkya makes. The last three are that into which this syllable passes as it dies away: ardha-mātrā, bindu, nāda.

We met the nāda and the bindu already in the fiftieth verse of the fourth Upaniṣad, where the outer lotus of the diagram was furnished with them; there I said they mean the limit of the audible.

Then — the etymology: tārakatvāt tārakaḥ, “from its ferrying power — the ferrying one”.

And at last the answer to Bhāradvāja's second question: across what it ferries. Five are named: garbha — the womb, janma — birth, jarā — old age, maraṇa — death, saṁsāra — the round. And all of this is named with one word: mahad-bhaya, “the great fear”.

This deserves weighing. Not “the great evil” and not “the great suffering” — fear.

The book is exact. The womb, old age and death are not dreadful in themselves: dreadful is being bound to them, the terror of what is to come. Hence the crossing is above all deliverance from fear.

Recall that in the thirteenth verse of the first Upaniṣad He was named abhaya — “the fearless”, that is, the giver of fearlessness.

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8b29159e8ad5 · 发布于 2026年7月29日 05:15:19 UTC

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