奥义书 Rāma-tāpanī Uttara 2.4

Rāma-tāpanī UpaniṣadRāma-tāpanī Uttara 2.4

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奥义书 · Rāma-tāpanī Uttara 2.4

॥

天城文

य एतत्तारकं ब्रह्म ब्राह्मणो नित्यमधीते । स पाप्मानं तरति । स मृत्युं तरति । स ब्रह्महत्यां तरति । स भ्रूणहत्यां तरति । स वीरहत्यां तरति स सर्वहत्यां तरति । स संसारं तरति । स सर्वं तरति । अविमुक्तमाश्रितो भवति । स महान्भवति । सोऽमृतत्वं च गच्छति

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यः एतत् तारकम् ब्रह्मyaḥ etat tārakam brahmawho this ferrying Brahman; the one who this tāraka-Brahman

ब्राह्मणः नित्यम् अधीतेbrāhmaṇaḥ nityam adhītea brāhmaṇa constantly studies; a brāhmaṇa unceasingly repeats

सः पाप्मानम् तरतिsaḥ pāpmānam taratihe crosses over evil; he passes beyond sin

सः मृत्युम् तरतिsaḥ mṛtyum taratihe crosses over death; he overcomes death

सः ब्रह्महत्याम् तरतिsaḥ brahmahatyām taratihe crosses over the slaying of a brāhmaṇa; he overcomes brahma-hatyā

सः भ्रूणहत्याम् तरतिsaḥ bhrūṇahatyām taratiover the slaying of an embryo; over the destruction of the unborn

सः वीरहत्याम् तरतिsaḥ vīrahatyām taratiover the slaying of a hero; over the killing of a champion

सः सर्वहत्याम् तरतिsaḥ sarvahatyām taratiover every slaying; over every manslaughter

सः संसारम् तरतिsaḥ saṃsāram taratihe crosses over the round; he passes beyond saṁsāra

सः सर्वम् तरतिsaḥ sarvam taratihe crosses over everything; he overcomes all

अविमुक्तम् आश्रितः भवतिavimuktam āśritaḥ bhavatihe becomes one who has resorted to the avimukta; he is made one sheltered in the avimukta

सः महान् भवतिsaḥ mahān bhavatihe becomes great; he becomes great

सः अमृतत्वम् च गच्छतिsaḥ amṛtatvam ca gacchatiand he attains immortality; and he comes to deathlessness

译文

A brāhmaṇa who constantly studies this ferrying Brahman crosses over evil, over death, over the slaying of a brāhmaṇa, over the slaying of an embryo, over the slaying of a hero, over every slaying, over the round, over everything; he becomes one who has resorted to the avimukta, becomes great and attains immortality.

注释

The verb tarati — “he crosses over” — is repeated eight times in a row, and this repetition is itself a sermon.

The sins are listed, and listed are the heaviest the śāstra knows: the slaying of a brāhmaṇa, the slaying of an embryo, the slaying of a hero. For such no expiation by ordinary means is appointed.

And it is said: over these one crosses.

Here the book says something the Vaiṣṇava tradition repeats constantly and which to many seems excessive: the name is stronger than the guilt. Not “it will smooth over”, not “it will lessen” — it will ferry across.

But note the proviso that sets everything in place: nityam adhīte, “constantly studies”. Not uttered once — held for a whole life.

And the second proviso, still more important: “he becomes one who has resorted to the avimukta”, avimuktam āśritaḥ. The word āśrita — “one who has found refuge”.

That is, the crossing is not the mantra's action upon sins, as of a medicine upon a disease. The one who has crossed finds himself in another place — in that very “unforsaken” of which the first chapter spoke. He is not cleansed: he is carried over.

Hence the last words: “he becomes great and attains immortality”.

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413c67b5f089 · 发布于 2026年7月29日 05:15:19 UTC

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