奥义书 Rāma-tāpanī Uttara 2.14

Rāma-tāpanī UpaniṣadRāma-tāpanī Uttara 2.14

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奥义书 · Rāma-tāpanī Uttara 2.14

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天城文

नान्तःप्रज्ञं न बहिःप्रज्ञं नोभयतःप्रज्ञं न प्रज्ञं नाप्रज्ञं न प्रज्ञानघनमदृश्यं अव्यवहार्यं अग्राह्यं अलक्षणं अचिन्त्यं अव्यपदेश्यं एमेकात्मप्रत्ययसारं प्रपञ्चोपशमं शान्तं शिवं अद्वैतं चतुर्थं मन्यन्ते । स आत्मा स विज्ञेयः

转写 (IAST)

nāntaḥprajñaṃ na bahiḥprajñaṃ nobhayataḥprajñaṃ na prajñaṃ nāprajñaṃ na prajñānaghanamadṛśyaṃ avyavahāryaṃ agrāhyaṃ alakṣaṇaṃ acintyaṃ avyapadeśyaṃ emekātmapratyayasāraṃ prapañcopaśamaṃ śāntaṃ śivaṃ advaitaṃ caturthaṃ manyante | sa ātmā sa vijñeyaḥ

逐字释义

梵语IAST释义

न अन्तःप्रज्ञम् न बहिःप्रज्ञम्na antaḥprajñam na bahiḥprajñamneither cognising the inner nor the outer; not knowing inward, not knowing outward

न उभयतःप्रज्ञम्na ubhayataḥprajñamnor cognising both; not knowing both ways

न प्रज्ञम् न अप्रज्ञम्na prajñam na aprajñamneither cognising nor uncognising; not knowing and not unknowing

न प्रज्ञानघनम् अदृश्यम्na prajñānaghanam adṛśyamnot a mass of cognition, invisible; not a density of knowing, unseen

अव्यवहार्यम् अग्राह्यम्avyavahāryam agrāhyamunusable, ungraspable; inapplicable, unseizable

अलक्षणम् अचिन्त्यम् अव्यपदेश्यम्alakṣaṇam acintyam avyapadeśyammarkless, unthinkable, unindicable; without signs, beyond thought, beyond naming

एकात्मप्रत्ययसारम्ekātmapratyayasāramwhose essence is the certainty of the one Ātman; whose core is the single certitude of the ātman

प्रपञ्चोपशमम् शान्तम् शिवम् अद्वैतम्prapañcopaśamam śāntam śivam advaitamthe quieting of the world, tranquil, benign, non-dual; the stilling of multiplicity, peaceful, good, without a second

चतुर्थम् मन्यन्तेcaturtham manyantethey hold as the fourth; they deem the fourth

सः आत्मा सः विज्ञेयःsaḥ ātmā saḥ vijñeyaḥhe is the Ātman; he is to be known; he is the ātman, him one must come to know

译文

Neither cognising the inner, nor cognising the outer, nor cognising both, neither cognising nor uncognising, not a mass of cognition; invisible, unusable, ungraspable, without marks, unthinkable, unindicable, whose essence is the certainty of the one Ātman, the quieting of the world, tranquil, benign, non-dual — him they hold to be the fourth. He is the Ātman; he is to be known.

注释

The fourth foot, turīya, and it is described by negations alone — twelve “not”s in a row.

First all three preceding feet are rejected: not waking, not dream, not oblivion; and even “not a mass of cognition”, that is, not the blissful forgetting just described.

Then — invisible, ungraspable, unthinkable, unnameable.

This is the strongest place in the whole Māṇḍūkya and the hardest. It seems that after such a list nothing remains.

But look how it ends: śāntam śivam advaitam — “tranquil, benign, non-dual”. Three positive words after twelve negations. And the chief of them is śiva, “benign”.

The negations, then, take away not being but the ways of grasping. The unthinkable does not mean the empty: it is good, and good is never no one's.

And one more word people pass by: ekātma-pratyaya-sāra — “whose essence is the certainty of the one Ātman”. Pratyaya means “certitude, conviction”. That is, the ungraspable has an essence, and that essence is indubitability.

Here one should recall that the sixth paragraph of this chapter has said already: the fourth is Rāma, “whose sole form is the bliss of Brahman”. The negations of the Māṇḍūkya are not the book's last word; they are what is said before the name.

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20a90a6b0b11 · 发布于 2026年7月29日 05:15:19 UTC

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