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Upanishads
Bṛhadāraṇyaka UpaniṣadBṛhadāraṇyaka 1,1.1
1002 / 6055
Upanishads · Bṛhadāraṇyaka 1,1.1
॥
Devanāgarī

उषा वा अश्वस्य मेध्यस्य शिरः सूर्यः चक्षुः वातः प्राणः व्यात्तम् अग्निः वैश्वानरः संवत्सरः आत्मा अश्वस्य मेध्यस्य द्यौः पृष्ठम् अन्तरिक्षम् उदरम् पृथिवी पाजस्यं दिशः पार्श्वे अवान्तरदिशः पर्शवः ऋतवः अङ्गानि मासाः च अर्धमासाः च पर्वाणि अहोरात्राणि प्रतिष्ठा नक्षत्राणि अस्थीनि नभः मांसानि ऊवध्यम् सिकताः सिन्धवः गुदाः यकृत् च क्लोमानः च पर्वताः ओषधयः च वनस्पतयः च लोमानि उद्यन् पूर्वार्धः निम्लोचन् जघनार्धः यद् विजृम्भते तद् विद्योतते यद् विधूनुते तद् स्तनयति यन् मेहति तद् वर्षति वाक् एव अस्य वाक्

Transliteration (IAST)

uṣā vā aśvasya medhyasya śiraḥ sūryaḥ cakṣuḥ vātaḥ prāṇaḥ vyāttam agniḥ vaiśvānaraḥ saṃvatsaraḥ ātmā aśvasya medhyasya dyauḥ pṛṣṭham antarikṣam udaram pṛthivī pājasyaṃ diśaḥ pārśve avāntaradiśaḥ parśavaḥ ṛtavaḥ aṅgāni māsāḥ ca ardhamāsāḥ ca parvāṇi ahorātrāṇi pratiṣṭhā nakṣatrāṇi asthīni nabhaḥ māṃsāni ūvadhyam sikatāḥ sindhavaḥ gudāḥ yakṛt ca klomānaḥ ca parvatāḥ oṣadhayaḥ ca vanaspatayaḥ ca lomāni udyan pūrvārdhaḥ nimlocan jaghanārdhaḥ yad vijṛmbhate tad vidyotate yad vidhūnute tad stanayati yan mehati tad varṣati vāk eva asya vāk

Word-by-word
SanskritIASTMeaning
उषाuṣādawn (uṣas); daybreak; the morning dawn
वाvātruly; surely
अश्वस्यaśvasyaof the horse (aśva, gen.); of a horse; a horse
मेध्यस्यmedhyasyasacrificial (medhya — 'fit for sacrifice'); destined for sacrifice; sacrificial
शिरःśiraḥthe head (śiras); the head; the head
सूर्यःsūryaḥthe sun; Sūrya
चक्षुःcakṣuḥsight; the eye
वातःvātaḥthe wind; moving air
प्राणःprāṇaḥthe prāṇa; the vital breath
व्यात्तम्vyāttamthe gaping mouth (vyātta — 'opened'); the open mouth; the maw
अग्निःagniḥfire; Agni
वैश्वानरःvaiśvānaraḥVaiśvānara (the fire 'of all men'); the Vaiśvānara fire; the All-Human fire
संवत्सरःsaṃvatsaraḥa year; the yearly round
आत्माātmāthe self; the ātman
अश्वस्यaśvasyaof the horse (aśva, gen.); of a horse; a horse
मेध्यस्यmedhyasyasacrificial (medhya — 'fit for sacrifice'); destined for sacrifice; sacrificial
द्यौःdyauḥthe sky; the heavenly world
पृष्ठम्pṛṣṭhamthe back; the upper part
अन्तरिक्षम्antarikṣamthe mid-region; the mid-region
उदरम्udaramthe belly; the paunch
पृथिवीpṛthivīthe earth; the earthly world
पाजस्यंpājasyaṃthe underbelly (pājasya); the lower belly; the underbelly
दिशःdiśaḥthe quarters of the sky; the directions
पार्श्वेpārśvethe flanks; the sides of the body
अवान्तरदिशःavāntaradiśaḥthe intermediate quarters; the directions between the quarters
पर्शवःparśavaḥthe ribs (parśu); the ribs; the ribs
ऋतवःṛtavaḥthe seasons; the seasons of the year
अङ्गानिaṅgānithe limbs; the parts of the body
मासाःmāsāḥthe months; the lunar months
चcaand; as well as
अर्धमासाःardhamāsāḥthe half-moons; the fortnights
चcaand; as well as
पर्वाणिparvāṇithe joints (parvan); the articulations; the joints
अहोरात्राणिahorātrāṇidays and nights; the round of day and night
प्रतिष्ठाpratiṣṭhāthe support; the support
नक्षत्राणिnakṣatrāṇithe stars; the constellations
अस्थीनिasthīnithe bones; the bony parts
नभःnabhaḥthe clouds; the sky
मांसानिmāṃsānimeat; flesh
ऊवध्यम्ūvadhyamthe food in the stomach (ūvadhya — the contents of the belly); the contents of the stomach; the undigested
सिकताःsikatāḥthe sands (sikatā); sand; the sands
सिन्धवःsindhavaḥthe rivers (sindhu); the streams; the rivers
गुदाःgudāḥthe gut-channels (guda); the entrails; the inner ducts
यकृत्yakṛtthe liver; the hepatic part
चcaand; as well as
क्लोमानःklomānaḥthe lungs; the inner organs
चcaand; as well as
पर्वताःparvatāḥof the mountain; the mountain peaks
ओषधयःoṣadhayaḥherbs; plants
चcaand; as well as
वनस्पतयःvanaspatayaḥthe trees; the forest plants
चcaand; as well as
लोमानिlomānithe hairs; the coat
उद्यन्udyanmounting up; mounting up
पूर्वार्धःpūrvārdhaḥthe forward half; the eastern part
निम्लोचन्nimlocansetting; sinking out of sight
जघनार्धःjaghanārdhaḥthe hinder half; the western part
यद्yadwhen; that which
विजृम्भतेvijṛmbhatehe yawns wide (vi + √jṛmbh — 'opens the jaws'); yawns and bares his teeth; opens his jaws
तद्tadthat; this
विद्योततेvidyotateit flashes; it flashes as lightning
यद्yadwhen; that which
विधूनुतेvidhūnutehe shakes himself (vi + √dhū); he shakes himself off; he shudders
तद्tadthat; this
स्तनयतिstanayatiit thunders (from √stan); it rumbles; it rolls as thunder
यन्yanwhen; that which
मेहतिmehatihe stales (from √mih); he lets out moisture; he makes water
तद्tadthat; this
वर्षतिvarṣatiit rains (from √vṛṣ); it rains; the rain pours down
वाक्vākspeech; the voice
एवevaindeed; only
अस्यasyait; of this
वाक्vākspeech; the voice
Translation

The dawn is the head of the sacrificial horse; the sun is its eye, the wind its breath, its gaping mouth the Vaiśvānara fire; the year is the body of the sacrificial horse. Heaven is its back, the mid-region its belly, the earth its underbelly; the quarters of space are its flanks, the intermediate quarters its ribs, the seasons its limbs, the months and fortnights its joints, the days and nights its feet, the stars its bones, the clouds its flesh. The food in its stomach is the sands, the rivers its veins, its liver and lungs the mountains, the herbs and trees its hair. The rising sun is its forward half, the setting sun its hinder half. When it yawns, the lightning flashes; when it shakes itself, the thunder rolls; when it stales, the rain falls. Its voice is speech itself.

Version

2a8fb88c6d2d · published Jul 27, 2026, 12:37:41 AM UTC

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