奥义书 Mahā 1.1

Mahā UpaniṣadMahā 1.1

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奥义书 · Mahā 1.1

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अथातो महोपनिषदं व्याख्यास्यमस्तदाहुरेको ह वै नारायण आसीन्न ब्रह्मा नेशानो नापो नाग्नीषोमौ नेमे द्यावापृथिवी न नक्षत्राणि न सूर्यो न चन्द्रमाः स एकाकी न रमते तस्य ध्यानान्तःस्थस्य यज्ञस्तोममुच्यते तस्मिन्पुरुषाश्चतुर्दश जायन्ते एका कन्या दशेन्द्रियाणि मन एकादशं तेजः द्वादशोऽहङ्कारः त्रयोदशकः प्राणः चतुर्दश आत्मा पञ्चदशी बुद्धिः भूतानि पञ्च तन्मात्राणि पञ्च महाभूतानि स एकः पञ्चविंशतिः पुरुषः

转写 (IAST)

athāto mahopaniṣadaṃ vyākhyāsyamastadāhureko ha vai nārāyaṇa āsīnna brahmā neśāno nāpo nāgnīṣomau neme dyāvāpṛthivī na nakṣatrāṇi na sūryo na candramāḥ sa ekākī na ramate tasya dhyānāntaḥsthasya yajñastomamucyate tasminpuruṣāścaturdaśa jāyante ekā kanyā daśendriyāṇi mana ekādaśaṃ tejaḥ dvādaśo'haṅkāraḥ trayodaśakaḥ prāṇaḥ caturdaśa ātmā pañcadaśī buddhiḥ bhūtāni pañca tanmātrāṇi pañca mahābhūtāni sa ekaḥ pañcaviṃśatiḥ puruṣaḥ

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अथ अतः महोपनिषदम् व्याख्यास्यामःatha ataḥ mahopaniṣadam vyākhyāsyāmaḥnow, then, let us expound the great upaniṣad; and here we shall set forth the mahopaniṣad

एकः ह वै नारायणः आसीत्ekaḥ ha vai nārāyaṇaḥ āsītone alone was Nārāyaṇa; there existed the single Nārāyaṇa

न ब्रह्मा न ईशानःna brahmā na īśānaḥneither Brahmā nor Īśāna; there was no Brahmā, no Īśāna

न आपः न अग्नीषोमौna āpaḥ na agnīṣomauneither the waters nor Agni and Soma; no waters, no fire with soma

न इमे द्यावापृथिवीna ime dyāvāpṛthivīnor these — heaven and earth; nor these skies and earth

न नक्षत्राणिna nakṣatrāṇinor the stars; nor the constellations

न सूर्यः न चन्द्रमाःna sūryaḥ na candramāḥneither sun nor moon; no sun, no moon

सः एकाकी न रमतेsaḥ ekākī na ramatehe, solitary, does not rejoice; he, being alone, finds no delight

तस्य ध्यानान्तःस्थस्यtasya dhyānāntaḥsthasyaof him, abiding in contemplation; of the one dwelling within his meditation

तस्मिन् पुरुषाः चतुर्दश जायन्तेtasmin puruṣāḥ caturdaśa jāyantein him fourteen puruṣas are born; in that one fourteen puruṣas arise

एका कन्या दश इन्द्रियाणिekā kanyā daśa indriyāṇione maiden, the ten senses; one maiden and the ten organs

मनः एकादशम् तेजःmanaḥ ekādaśam tejaḥthe mind eleventh, fire; manas the eleventh, tejas

द्वादशः अहङ्कारःdvādaśaḥ ahaṅkāraḥtwelfth — selfhood; the twelfth — ahaṅkāra

त्रयोदशकः प्राणःtrayodaśakaḥ prāṇaḥthirteenth — the breath; the thirteenth — prāṇa

चतुर्दशः आत्मा पञ्चदशी बुद्धिःcaturdaśaḥ ātmā pañcadaśī buddhiḥfourteenth — the Ātman, fifteenth — reason; the fourteenth ātman, the fifteenth buddhi

भूतानि पञ्च तन्मात्राणिbhūtāni pañca tanmātrāṇithe five subtle elements; the five tanmātras

पञ्च महाभूतानिpañca mahābhūtānithe five great elements; the five mahābhūtas

सः एकः पञ्चविंशतिः पुरुषःsaḥ ekaḥ pañcaviṃśatiḥ puruṣaḥhe alone is the twenty-fivefold Puruṣa; he, the one, is the Puruṣa of twenty-five

译文

Now, then, let us expound the great upaniṣad. They say: one alone was Nārāyaṇa — there was neither Brahmā, nor Īśāna, nor the waters, nor Agni and Soma, nor these heaven and earth, nor the stars, nor sun, nor moon. He, solitary, does not rejoice. Of him, abiding in contemplation, the sacrificial praise is uttered; and in him are born the fourteen puruṣas and one maiden: the ten senses, the mind eleventh, fire, twelfth the selfhood, thirteenth the breath, fourteenth the Ātman, fifteenth reason, the five subtle elements, the five great elements. He alone is the twenty-fivefold Puruṣa.

注释

The book opens with what every tale of the beginning opens with — but with one trait found nowhere else.

First it is listed what was not: neither Brahmā, nor Īśāna, nor the waters, nor fire with soma, nor heaven and earth, nor the stars, nor sun, nor moon. The list is deliberately full, and in it are named not only the elements but the gods: Brahmā and Īśāna are not yet born.

There remains one Nārāyaṇa.

And then — four words for whose sake the whole adhyāya deserves reading: sa ekākī na ramate — “he, solitary, does not rejoice”.

Think it through. Not “was at rest”, not “abode in bliss”: did not rejoice. Solitude is named that in which there is no delight — and named of the Highest.

This is the knot of all that follows. The world begins not with an excess of power and not with law, but with this: to the One it is no joy to be alone.

The Bṛhadāraṇyaka says the same in almost the same words: “he found no delight, for one alone finds no delight.”\n Then comes the list of the twenty-five principles, and it is this that the exposition of the Vedānta-sūtra needs: the senses, the mind, selfhood, the breath, reason, the subtle and gross elements — and He the twenty-fifth. Baladeva Vidyābhūṣaṇa cites this place, disputing with the Pāśupatas over how many principles there are and whose they are.

Note how the count is built: twenty-four are enumerated, and He Himself is named the twenty-fifth. Not “above them”, but in the same count.

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5b65e87dafb6 · 发布于 2026年7月29日 06:29:20 UTC

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